ArticleAlimentary pharmacology & therapeutics2024
Development and validation of a brain fog scale for coeliac disease.
Article in Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Adaptation and Translation of the Brain Fog Scale into the Indian Psycho-Socio-Cultural Context.Annals of neurosciences · 2026Article
- Beyond the Gut: Brain Fog, Sleep Quality, Cognitive Function and Quality of Life in Celiac Disease.Nutrients · 2026Observational
- Brain fog symptoms in individuals with and without post COVID-19 condition: translation and validation of the brain fog scale.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Brain Fog and Cognitive Dysfunction in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: An Evidence-Based Review.Psychology research and behavior management · 2025Review
- Physical and psychological symptoms and survey importance in celiac disease.World journal of gastrointestinal endoscopy · 2024Article
- Evolution in coeliac disease diagnosis and management.JGH open : an open access journal of gastroenterology and hepatology · 2024Review
- Editorial: Peering through the fog-New tools to assess neurocognitive symptoms in coeliac disease.Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics · 2024Article
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3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
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Abstract
backgroundBrain fog is a subjective cognitive impairment commonly reported in coeliac disease. A standardised tool to define and assess it is an important unmet need.
aimsTo develop a patient-informed tool to assess brain fog in coeliac disease to support clinical care, research and drug development.
methodsA pilot online study defined patient descriptors of brain fog. A second study evaluated the factor structure and performance of the scale across two-time points ('Now' and in the 'Past week'). One month later, participants were invited to repeat the study with two online cognitive processing tests, the Stroop task and the trail making test.
resultsAmong adults with treated coeliac disease, 37 (91.9% F) participated in the pilot study and 510 (88.8% F) in the second study of whom 99 repeated the study 1 month later with 51 completing cognitive testing. The most common brain fog descriptors were 'difficulty focusing', 'difficulty thinking' and 'difficulty finding the right words and communicating'. The 12-item scale reflects 'cognitive impairment' and 'somatic and affective experience' and demonstrates strong psychometric properties. It tracked with patients report of brain fog being present or absent across two-time points. It did not significantly correlate with the cognitive tests.
conclusionThe brain fog assessment and severity scale is the first patient-informed clinical outcomes assessment tool measuring brain fog in coeliac disease. It is brief and validated for two time-based formats. Further research coupling it with biomarker discovery is needed to confirm its validity as a predictor of cognitive performance.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.