ReviewMediators of inflammation2024
Atherosclerosis and Toll-Like Receptor4 (TLR4), Lectin-Like Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein-1 (LOX-1), and Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type9 (PCSK9).
Review in Mediators of inflammation, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Unifying the hallmarks of major depression through neuroimmune-metabolic-oxidative (NIMETOX) dysregulation: a mechanistic systems framework.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2026Review
- Toll Like Receptor 4: A Potential Link Between Obesity and Metabolic Diseases.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2026Review
- Metainflammation, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Organokine Crosstalk: A Central Axis Linking Metabolic Syndrome to Cardiovascular Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- PCSK9 as a Potential Regulator of Endothelial Dysfunction: Mechanistic Insights and Future Directions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Desialylated vs. Oxidized LDL: Sialidase Inhibitors as Promising Antiatherosclerotic Agents.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2026Review
- Artificial intelligence-driven rational design and optimization of a potent terpenoid-derived PCSK9 inhibitor.Molecular diversity · 2026Article
- Serum PCSK9 level as a potential biomarker relating to age, cholesterol and predicting major adverse cardiovascular event risk in hemodialysis patients.International urology and nephrology · 2026Article
- PCSK9 Inhibitor Alirocumab Improves Diabetic Cardiomyopathy Through the ERK/p38 MAPK Signaling Pathway.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Article
- Big data analytics for CLEC5A dynamics based on single cell genomics and proteomics reveal its diverse functions in human diseases.Nanotheranostics · 2026Article
- Microbiota-innate immune crosstalk drives atherosclerosis: mechanisms, disease progression, and emerging therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Pathological mechanisms of inflammatory responses in atherosclerosis and the multi-target regulatory effects of traditional Chinese medicine.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Microbiota-Driven Immune Dysregulation Along the Gut-Lung-Vascular Axis in Asthma and Atherosclerosis.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- PCSK9 inhibition ameliorates microplastic-induced endothelial redox imbalance via SIRT6 modulation.Cellular & molecular biology letters · 2025Article
- Foam cells: tracing the diverse cellular origins and their linked signaling pathways.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Interplay Between KLF4, STAT, IRF, and NF-κB in VSMC and Macrophage Plasticity During Vascular Inflammation and Atherosclerosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Endothelial Cell-Derived PCSK9 in Atherosclerosis: Pathophysiological Roles and Therapeutic Perspectives.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Review
- Intersecting Pathways of Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Atherogenesis in the Evaluation of CKD: Emerging Biomarkers PCSK9, EPHX2, AOPPs, and TBARSs.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Mechanism of Neutrophil p90RSK-Nrf2 Signaling Pathway in Atherosclerosis.Balkan medical journal · 2025Article
- PCSK9 in Vascular Aging and Age-Related Diseases.Aging and disease · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a leading cause of death in the world. A significant body of evidence suggests that inflammation and various players are implicated and have pivotal roles in the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is linked with different stages of atherosclerosis. This receptor is highly expressed in the endothelial cells (ECs) and atherosclerotic plaques. TLR4 activation can lead to the production of inflammatory cytokines and related responses. Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein-1 (LOX-1), an integral membrane glycoprotein with widespread expression on the ECs, is involved in atherosclerosis and has some common pathways with TLR4 in atherosclerotic lesions. In addition, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type9 (PCSK9), which is a regulatory enzyme with different roles in cholesterol uptake, is implicated in atherosclerosis. At present, TLR4, PCSK9, and LOX-1 are increasingly acknowledged as key players in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Herein, we presented the current evidence on the structure, functions, and roles of TLR4, PCSK9, and LOX-1 in atherosclerosis.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.