ArticleInnovation (Cambridge (Mass.))2024
It's not all in your feet: Improving penalty kick performance with human-avatar interaction and machine learning.
Article in Innovation (Cambridge (Mass.)), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- The effect of virtual and augmented reality training on soccer players: a systematic review of cognitive-motor performance.Biology of sport · 2026Review
- The multidimensional roles and mechanisms of exercise intervention in pediatric oncology.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Perceptual Training in Ice Hockey: Bridging the Eyes-Puck Gap Using Virtual Reality.Sports medicine - open · 2025Article
- The impact of transcranial direct current stimulation on the neuro-muscular control strategies of penalty kicks in soccer players.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Penalty kicks are increasingly decisive in major international football competitions. Yet, over 30% of shootout kicks are missed. The outcome of the kick often relies on the ability of the penalty taker to exploit anticipatory movements of the goalkeeper to redirect the kick toward the open side of the goal. Unfortunately, this ability is difficult to train using classical methods. We used an augmented reality simulator displaying an holographic goalkeeper to test and train penalty kick performance with 13 young elite players. Machine learning algorithms were used to optimize the learning rate by maintaining an optimal level of training difficulty. Ten training sessions of 20 kicks reduced the redirection threshold by 120 ms, which constituted a 28% reduction with respect to the baseline threshold. Importantly, redirection threshold reduction was observed for all trained players, and all things being equal, it corresponded to an estimated 35% improvement of the success rate.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.