ArticleJCI insight2024
TGF-β1 induces PD-1 expression in macrophages through SMAD3/STAT3 cooperative signaling in chronic inflammation.
Article in JCI insight, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Integrated multi-omics identifies lineage-dependent myeloid cells recruitment and the APP-CD74 axis as an immunoregulatory target in pediatric high-grade glioma.Acta neuropathologica · 2026Article
- Extracellular matrix remodeling and immune reprogramming drive residual tumor progression of liver cancer after incomplete microwave ablation.Molecular oncology · 2026Article
- TGF‑β1 in cancer: From tumour suppressor to promoter, molecular mechanisms, and precision therapeutic strategies (Review).International journal of oncology · 2026Review
- Identification of TGF-β1 as a key regulator in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity.Journal of cardiothoracic surgery · 2026Article
- Evaluation of Serum IL-39 Levels in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- TGF‑β1 in obstructive sleep apnea: linking intermittent hypoxia, upper‑airway remodeling, and systemic comorbidities.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2026Review
- Integrated single-cell and spatial transcriptomics reveal divergent immunological and stromal programs in peritoneal versus ovarian endometriosis.BMC women's health · 2026Article
- TGF-β Signaling as a Pathological Continuum Linking Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis and Lung Cancer.Cells · 2026Review
- Deletion of Megalin in Kidney Tubular Epithelium Up-Regulates TGFβ1 Signaling, Aggravates Ischemia/Reperfusion Kidney Injury, and Accelerates the Progression to Chronic Kidney Disease.The American journal of pathology · 2026Article
- Applying dendrimer nanoprobes to the diagnosis and evaluation of kidney fibrosis.Nanomedicine (London, England) · 2026Review
- Enhanced antitumor efficacy of combined targeting of adenosine ACancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2026Article
- Targeting senescent EGR1Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- Prolonged TNF-α stimulation induces a PD-1-associated exhaustion-like phenotype in mesenchymal stromal cells.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Article
- Nanobody Nb07 mitigates sepsis by blocking the PFKM-p53-PD-1 axis to enhance macrophage phagocytosis.Theranostics · 2026Article
- Review
- Urine-Derived CD105-Positive Exosome Promotes Macrophage M1 Polarization Through the TGF-β1/Smad3 Signaling Axis To Exacerbate Lupus Nephritis.Inflammation · 2025Article
- Co-treatment of ticagrelor and anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in tumor-associated macrophages reduces pancreatic cancer cell growth and migration through the TGF-β1/Smad2 pathway.Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 2025Article
- IL27RA promotes the proliferation and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by regulating TGFβR1.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Parkinson's disease: exploring the systemic immune mechanisms through molecular investigations.Inflammopharmacology · 2025Review
- Impact of fibrinogen-to-albumin ratio on the long-term prognosis of patients with advanced HER2-negative gastric cancer receiving immunochemotherapy.World journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
19 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), a coinhibitory T cell checkpoint, is also expressed on macrophages in pathogen- or tumor-driven chronic inflammation. Increasing evidence underscores the importance of PD-1 on macrophages for dampening immune responses. However, the mechanism governing PD-1 expression in macrophages in chronic inflammation remains largely unknown. TGF-β1 is abundant within chronic inflammatory microenvironments. Here, based on public databases, significantly positive correlations between PDCD1 and TGFB1 gene expression were observed in most human tumors. Of note, among immune infiltrates, macrophages as the predominant infiltrate expressed higher PDCD1 and TGFBR1/TGFBR2 genes. MC38 colon cancer and Schistosoma japonicum infection were used as experimental models for chronic inflammation. PD-1hi macrophages from chronic inflammatory tissues displayed an immunoregulatory pattern and expressed a higher level of TGF-β receptors. Either TGF-β1-neutralizing antibody administration or macrophage-specific Tgfbr1 knockdown largely reduced PD-1 expression on macrophages in animal models. We further demonstrated that TGF-β1 directly induced PD-1 expression on macrophages. Mechanistically, TGF-β1-induced PD-1 expression on macrophages was dependent on SMAD3 and STAT3, which formed a complex at the Pdcd1 promoter. Collectively, our study shows that macrophages adapt to chronic inflammation through TGF-β1-triggered cooperative SMAD3/STAT3 signaling that induces PD-1 expression and modulates macrophage function.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.