Trial reportJournal of medical systems2024
Virtual Reality for the Management of Pain and Anxiety in Patients Undergoing Implantation of Pacemaker or Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator: A Randomized Study.
Trial report in Journal of medical systems, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 3 citations in OpenAlex.
- Virtual Reality Is Safe and Can Reduce In-Hospital Anxiety and Pain: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analyses and Trial Sequence Analyses.European journal of pain (London, England) · 2025Pooled it
- Virtual Reality Distraction for Reducing Pain and Anxiety During Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis with Trial Sequential Analysis.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Pooled it
- Virtual Reality Reduces Perioperative Anxiety During Cardiac Device Implantation: A Randomized Trial.JACC. Advances · 2026Article
- Effects of Virtual Reality Hypnosis on Pain and Anxiety in Oncology Patients During Port-a-Catheter Placement Procedure: A Pilot Study.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Symptom Experiences and Coping Strategies in Turkish Patients with Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators: A Cross-Sectional Study Based on Interviews.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe Virtual Reality Headset (VRH) is a device aiming at improving patient's comfort by reducing pain and anxiety during medical interventions. Its interest during cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED) implant procedures has not been studied.
methodsWe randomized consecutive patients admitted for pacemaker or Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD) at our center to either standard analgesia care (STD-Group), or to VRH (VRH-Group). Patients in the STD-Group received intra-venous paracetamol (1 g) 60 min before the procedure, and local anesthesia was performed with lidocaine. For patients of the VRH-Group, VRH was used on top of standard care. We monitored patients' pain and anxiety using numeric rating scales (from 0 to 10) at the time of sub-cutaneous pocket creation, and during deep axillary vein puncture. Patient comfort during the procedure was assessed using a detailed questionnaire. Morphine consumption was also assessed.
resultsWe randomized 61 patients to STD-Group (n = 31) or VRH-Group (n = 30). Pain and anxiety were lower in the VRH-Group during deep venous puncture (3.0 ± 2.0 vs. 4.8 ± 2.2, p = 0.002 and 2.4 ± 2.2 vs. 4.1 ± 2.4, p = 0.006) but not during pocket creation (p = 0.58 and p = 0.5). Morphine consumption was lower in the VRH-Group (1.6 ± 0.7 vs. 2.1 ± 1.1 mg; p = 0.041). Patients' overall comfort during procedure was similar in both groups.
conclusionVRH use improved pain and anxiety control during deep venous puncture compared to standard analgesia care, and allowed morphine consumption reduction. However, pain and anxiety were similar at the time of sub-cutaneous pocket creation.
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