Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38441620›Full record

ArticleSurgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA2024

A bilateral four-headed brachialis muscle with a variant innervation: a cadaveric report with possible clinical implications.

Maria Piagkou, George Triantafyllou, Aggelos Koutsougeras, Christos Koutserimpas, Dimitris Katsogiannis, Georgi Georgiev, Lukasz Olewnik, Nicol Zielinska, George Tsakotos

Open access · hybridAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
1.6field-weighted citation impact, top 18% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Diagnostic Musculoskeletal Ultrasound in the Evaluation of the Brachialis.International journal of sports physical therapy · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.

Maria Piagkou *Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias str., Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece. piagkoumara@gmail.com.
George Triantafyllou *Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias str., Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece.
Aggelos KoutsougerasDepartment of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias str., Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece.
Christos KoutserimpasDepartment of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias str., Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece.
Dimitris KatsogiannisDepartment of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias str., Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece.
Georgi GeorgievDepartment of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Queen Giovanna-ISUL, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria.
Lukasz OlewnikDepartment of Anatomical Dissection and Donation, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
Nicol ZielinskaDepartment of Anatomical Dissection and Donation, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
George TsakotosDepartment of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias str., Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece.
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens · GRMedical University of Lodz · PLMedical University of Sofia · BG

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeAnterior compartment muscles of the arm present high morphological variability, with possible clinical significance. The current cadaveric report aims to describe a bilateral four-headed brachialis muscle (BM) with aberrant innervation. Emphasis on the embryological background and possible clinical significance are also provided.

methodsClassical upper limb dissection was performed on an 84-year-old donated male cadaver. The cadaver was donated to the Anatomy Department of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens.

resultsOn the left upper limb, the four-headed BM was supplied by the musculocutaneous and the median nerves after their interconnection. On the right upper limb, the four-headed BM received its innervation from the median nerve due to the musculocutaneous nerve absence. A bilateral muscular tunnel for the radial nerve passage was identified, between the BM accessory heads and the brachioradialis muscle.

conclusionBM has clinical significance, due to its proximity to important neurovascular structures and frequent surgeries at the humerus. Hence, knowledge of these variants should keep orthopedic surgeons alert when intervening in this area. Further dissection studies with a standardized protocol are needed to elucidate the prevalence of BM aberrations and concomitant variants.

Indexed as

ArmRadial NerveAged, 80 and overCadaverHumansMaleMedian NerveMuscle, SkeletalMusculocutaneous NerveAccessory headsBrachialis muscleMedian nerveMusculocutaneous nerveRadial nerveVariation

Identifiers

PMID38441620
PMCPMC10995034
OpenAlexW4392469707

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.