ReviewWorld neurosurgery: X2024
Lumbar disc herniation: Epidemiology, clinical and radiologic diagnosis WFNS spine committee recommendations.
Review in World neurosurgery: X, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06707779 (Effect of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation With and Without Electrical Stimulation on Pain and Functional Disability in Patients With Chronic Lumbar Radiculopathy), which is not on this map. Cited by 65 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effect of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation With and Without Electrical Stimulation on Pain and Functional Disability in Patients With Chronic Lumbar Radiculopathy
Who cites it
65 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Lumbar Disc Features Predictive of Favorable Response to Transforaminal Epidural Steroid Injection: a Comprehensive Review.Current pain and headache reports · 2026Pooled it
- Sequesterectomy versus standard micro‑/open discectomy for lumbar disc herniation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Neurosurgical review · 2026Pooled it
- Intra-articular steroid injections for lumbar disk herniation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Acta neurochirurgica · 2025Pooled it
- Association between Modic changes and recurrence of lumbar disc herniation after percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in surgery · 2025Pooled it
- The clinical efficacy of percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy combined with platelet-rich plasma injection for lumbar disc herniation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in surgery · 2025Pooled it
- Clinical efficacy of a Chinese herbal gel plaster combined with manipulation for lumbar disc herniation: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Trial
- Age-Related Transitions in Low Back Pain Pathology: A Life-Course Narrative Review.Pain and therapy · 2026Review
- Arginase 1 as a candidate immune-metabolic biomarker in lumbar disc herniation: integrated bioinformatics, experimental validation, and clinical evidence.Journal of molecular histology · 2026Article
- Interventional radiology management of disc herniation: a narrative review.La Radiologia medica · 2026Review
- Percutaneous Endoscopic Interlaminar Discectomy via a Modified Inferolateral Margin of the L5 Pedicle Projection for L5/S1 Central Disc Herniation: A Retrospective Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Beyond Structural Pathology: Central Sensitization and Chronic Pain with Reference to Lumbar Disc Herniation-A Narrative Review.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Comparison of radiographic parameters between sciatic scoliosis and Lenke 5/6 type idiopathic scoliosis in young patients: a LASSO and nomogram analysis.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2026Article
- Clinical Utility of AI-Enabled CT-to-MRI Translation for Degenerative Spinal Disorders: A Retrospective Reader Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Prevalence, Awareness, and Sociodemographic Determinants of Disc Herniation Among Adults in Saudi Arabia.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Pain-responsive to digital self-management in lumbar disc herniation: the mediating role of patient activation and the moderating effect of pain intensity.BMC health services research · 2026Article
- Mid- to Long-Term Clinical Outcomes After Lumbar Microdiscectomy in Adolescent Patients: A Descriptive Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Accuracy in spinal level determination, including transitional vertebrae: an ASReview supported systematic review.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2026Review
- Clinical Characteristics, Surgical Management and Outcomes of Sciatic Scoliosis Secondary to Lumbar Disc Herniation: A Systematic Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Transforaminal vs interlaminar full -endoscopic lumbar discectomy at the L4/L5 level: a systematic review and meta -analysis.Wideochirurgia i inne techniki maloinwazyjne = Videosurgery and other miniinvasive techniques · 2026Review
- Article
5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: To formulate the most current, evidence-based recommendations regarding the epidemiology, clinical diagnosis, and radiographic diagnosis of lumbar herniated disk (LDH). Methods: A systematic literature search in PubMed, MEDLINE, and CENTRAL was performed from 2012 to 2022 using the search terms "herniated lumbar disc", "epidemiology", "prevention" "clinical diagnosis", and "radiological diagnosis". Screening criteria resulted in 17, 16, and 90 studies respectively that were analyzed regarding epidemiology, clinical diagnosis, and radiographic diagnosis of LDH. Using the Delphi method and two rounds of voting at two separate international meetings, ten members of the WFNS (World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies) Spine Committee generated eleven final consensus statements. Results: The lifetime risk for symptomatic LDH is 1-3%; of these, 60-90% resolve spontaneously. Risk factors for LDH include genetic and environmental factors, strenuous activity, and smoking. LDH is more common in males and in 30-50 year olds. A set of clinical tests, including manual muscle testing, sensory testing, Lasegue sign, and crossed Lasegue sign are recommended to diagnose LDH. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the gold standard for confirming suspected LDH. Conclusions: These eleven final consensus statements provide current, evidence-based guidelines on the epidemiology, clinical diagnosis, and radiographic diagnosis of LDH for practicing spine surgeons worldwide.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.