ArticleBMC nutrition2024
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) impairs hypoxia-induced cellular and exosomal overexpression of immune-checkpoints and immunomodulatory molecules in different subtypes of breast cancer cells.
Article in BMC nutrition, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Role of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Modulating Inflammation and Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review of In Vitro, Animal, and Human Studies.Current oncology reports · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy of omega-3 fatty acids as a functional food: a multifaceted approach to health reinforcement.Journal of the science of food and agriculture · 2026Review
- Docosahexaenoic Acid Modulates Autophagy and Confers Neuronal Resilience under Hypoxia-Reoxygenation Stress.Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN · 2026Article
- Article
- MGAT1-Guided complex N-Glycans on CD73 regulate immune evasion in triple-negative breast cancer.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Hypoxia Modulates Transmembrane Prostatic Acid Phosphatase (TM-PAP) in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Causal pathways in lymphoid leukemia: the gut microbiota, immune cells, and serum metabolites.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
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Abstract
backgroundTumor cells express immune-checkpoint molecules to suppress anti-tumor immune responses. In part, immune evasion takes place by secreting exosomes bearing immune-checkpoint and immunomodulatory molecules and their inducing and/or regulating agents e.g., microRNAs (miRs). This study aimed to evaluate the effects of omega-3 fatty acid, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), on the expression of some selected immune-checkpoint and immunomodulatory molecules and their regulating miRs under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions in triple negative (TNBC) invasive and triple positive non-invasive breast cancer cell lines.
methodsMDA-MB-231 and BT-474 cells were treated with 100 µM DHA under hypoxic and normoxic conditions for 24 h. Exosomes were isolated by ultracentrifuge and confirmed by electron microscope and anti-CD9, -CD63, -CD81 immunoblotting. Total RNA from cells and exosomes were extracted and expression of CD39, CD73, CD47, CD80, PD-L1, B7-H3, B7-H4 genes and their related miRs were evaluated by quantitative Real-time PCR.
resultsThis study showed significant over-expression of immune-checkpoint and immunomodulatory molecules under hypoxic condition. Treatment with DHA resulted in a significant decrease in immune-checkpoint and immunomodulatory molecule expression as well as an upregulation of their regulatory miRNA expression.
conclusionDHA supplementation may be utilized in breast cancer therapy for down-regulation of cellular and exosomal immune escape-related molecules.
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