Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38439096›Full record

ArticleHealth research policy and systems2024

Analysis of health service utilization and influencing factors due to COVID-19 in Beijing: a large cross-sectional survey.

Jiawei Zhang, Zhihu Xu, Xia Wei, Yaqun Fu, Zheng Zhu, Quan Wang, Qingbo Wang, Qing Liu, Jing Guo, Yuantao Hao and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Health research policy and systems, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Jiawei Zhang *Department of Health Policy and Management, Peking University School of Public Health, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0000-0866-2154
Zhihu Xu *Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.
Xia WeiDepartment of Health Policy and Management, Peking University School of Public Health, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.
Yaqun FuDepartment of Health Policy and Management, Peking University School of Public Health, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.
Zheng ZhuDepartment of Health Policy and Management, Peking University School of Public Health, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.
Quan WangDepartment of Health Policy and Management, Peking University School of Public Health, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.
Qingbo WangDepartment of Health Policy and Management, Peking University School of Public Health, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.
Qing LiuGeneral Practice Department, Second Outpatient Section, Peking University Third Hospital, Xisanqi Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100096, China.
Jing GuoDepartment of Health Policy and Management, Peking University School of Public Health, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China. jing624218@163.com.
Yuantao HaoCenter for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness and Response, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China. haoyt@bjmu.edu.cn.
Li YangDepartment of Health Policy and Management, Peking University School of Public Health, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China. lyang@bjmu.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0640-2003

Funding

Capital Health Research and Development of Special Fund 2021-1G-4091National Natural Science Foundation of China 72174010Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality M22033
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIn the wake of China's relaxed zero-COVID policy, there was a surge in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections. This study aimed to examine the infection status and health service utilization among Beijing residents during a widespread outbreak, and to explore the factors that affected utilization of health services due to COVID-19.

methodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted among Beijing residents from 13 January to 13 February 2023, collecting information on socio-demographic characteristics, health behaviours, COVID-19 infection status, utilization of health services and depressive symptoms. Multivariate Tobit regression was used for data analysis.

resultsAmong the 53 924 participants, 14.7% were older than 60 years, 63.7% were female and 84.8% were married. In total, 44 992 of the 53 924 individuals surveyed (83.4%) contracted COVID-19 during 2020-2023, and 25.2% (13 587) sought corresponding health services. The majority of individuals (85.6%) chose in-person healthcare, while 14.4% chose internet-based healthcare. Among those who chose in-person healthcare, 58.6% preferred primary healthcare institutions and 41.5% were very satisfied with the treatment. Factors affecting health service utilization include being female (β = -0.15, P < 0.001), older than 60 years (β = 0.23, P < 0.01), non-healthcare workers (β = -0.60, P < 0.001), rich self-rated income level (β = 0.59, P < 0.001), having underlying disease (β = 0.51, P < 0.001), living alone (β = -0.19, P < 0.05), depressive symptoms (β = 0.06, P < 0.001) and healthy lifestyle habits, as well as longer infection duration, higher infection numbers and severe symptoms.

conclusionAs COVID-19 is becoming more frequent and less severe, providing safe and accessible healthcare remains critical. Vulnerable groups such as the elderly and those with underlying conditions need reliable health service. Prioritizing primary healthcare resources and online medical services have played a vital role in enhancing resource utilization efficiency.

Indexed as

COVID-19AgedBeijingCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHealth FacilitiesHumansMalePatient Acceptance of Health CareCOVID-19Health service utilizationInternet-based healthcarePrimary healthcare services

Identifiers

PMID38439096
PMCPMC10910832

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.