ReviewAJNR. American journal of neuroradiology2024
Molecular GBM versus Histopathological GBM: Radiology-Pathology-Genetic Correlation and the New WHO 2021 Definition of Glioblastoma.
Review in AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The Effect of Interferon Type I Adjuvant Therapy on the Lifespan and Complications of Glioma Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Pooled it
- Imaging diagnosis of cystic intraparenchymal brain neoplasms.Japanese journal of radiology · 2026Review
- Chromosomal Instability Drives Glioblastoma Heterogeneity and Therapeutic Opportunities.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Clinicoradiological differentiation of TERT promoter-mutant molecular glioblastoma versus histological glioblastoma: a single-center cohort study of 105 IDH-wildtype tumors.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Enhancing the efficacy of VEGF inhibitors by co-inhibition of HIF in the treatment of glioblastoma.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2026Review
- Magnetic resonance imaging features differentiate histologic and molecular subtypes of glioblastoma IDH-Wild type CNS WHO grade 4.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2026Article
- Cellular Allies Against Glioblastoma: Therapeutic Potential of Macrophages and Mesenchymal Stromal Cells.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- AI-driven radiomics and radiogenomics: supporting the assessment and differentiation of pseudoprogression in cellular immunotherapy for glioblastoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Integrating deep learning and radiomics for preoperative glioma grading using multi-center MRI data.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Survival risk stratification of 2021 WHO glioblastoma by MRI radiomics and biological exploration.BMC cancer · 2025Article
- Fast Evolving Glioblastoma in a Pregnant Woman: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Predicting the molecular subtypes of 2021 WHO grade 4 glioma by a multiparametric MRI-based machine learning model.BMC cancer · 2025Article
- Association of Health Disparities with Glioblastoma Treatment and Outcomes: Insights from a 15-Year National Cohort (2005-2020).Brain sciences · 2025Article
- Transitioning from molecular methods to therapeutic methods: An in‑depth analysis of glioblastoma (Review).Oncology reports · 2025Review
- MRI-based habitat imaging predicts high-risk molecular subtypes and early risk assessment of lower-grade gliomas.Cancer imaging : the official publication of the International Cancer Imaging Society · 2025Article
- MRI transformer deep learning and radiomics for predicting IDH wild type TERT promoter mutant gliomas.NPJ precision oncology · 2025Article
- Contrast-enhanced ultrasound can differentiate the level of glioma infiltration and correlate it with biological behavior: a study based on local pathology.Journal of ultrasound · 2025Article
- A Radiologist's Guide to IDH-Wildtype Glioblastoma for Efficient Communication With Clinicians: Part I-Essential Information on Preoperative and Immediate Postoperative Imaging.Korean journal of radiology · 2025Review
- V-ATPase in glioma stem cells: a novel metabolic vulnerability.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2025Article
- An implantable, intracerebral osmotic pump for convection-enhanced drug delivery in glioblastoma multiforme.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Given the recent advances in molecular pathogenesis of tumors, with better correlation with tumor behavior and prognosis, major changes were made to the new 2021 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of CNS tumors, including updated criteria for diagnosis of glioblastoma (GBM). Diagnosis of GBM now requires absence of isocitrate dehydrogenase and histone 3 mutations (IDH-wild-type and H3-wild-type) as the basic cornerstone, with elimination of the IDH-mutant category. The requirements for diagnosis were conventionally histopathological, based on the presence of pathognomonic features such as microvascular proliferation and necrosis. However, even if these histologic features are absent, many lower-grade (WHO grade 2/3) diffuse astrocytic gliomas behave clinically similar to GBM (grade 4). The 2021 WHO classification introduced new molecular criteria that can be used to upgrade the diagnosis of such histologically lower-grade, IDH-wild-type, astrocytomas to GBM. The 3 molecular criteria include: concurrent gain of whole chromosome 7 and loss of whole chromosome 10 (+7/-10); telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter mutation; and epidermal growth factor receptor amplification. Given these changes, it is now strongly recommended to have molecular analysis of WHO grade 2/3 diffuse astrocytic, IDH-wild-type, gliomas in adult patients, as identification of any of the above mutations allows for upgrading the tumor to WHO grade 4 ("molecular GBM") with important prognostic implications. Despite an early stage, there is active ongoing research on the unique MR imaging features of molecular GBM. This paper highlights the differences between "molecular" and "histopathological" GBM, with the aim of providing a basic understanding about these changes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.