ReviewCarcinogenesis2024
An update on the formation in tobacco, toxicity and carcinogenicity of N'-nitrosonornicotine and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone.
Review in Carcinogenesis, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Temporal trends, risk factors, and future projections of gastric cancer burden in China, India, and the United States: a GBD 2023 analysis.Discover oncology · 2026Article
- Unraveling the link between genomic instability and tumor immune evasion in oral squamous cell carcinoma: Role of CBMN assay and emerging perspectives.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2026Review
- A Critical Perspective on the Role of Thirdhand Smoke in Tumorigenesis: Initiator or Promoter.Environment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Review
- A novel risk stratification strategy for precision prevention of gastric cancer based on clinicopathological features and IGFBP7.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Characterization of a thermotolerant strain inhibiting tobacco-specific nitrosamines in cigar fermentation.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2026Article
- Review
- The Convergent Immunopathogenesis of Cigarette Smoke Exposure: From Oxidative Stress to Epigenetic Reprogramming in Chronic Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Quantitative genotoxicity assessment of N-nitrosodimethylamine in mice by error-corrected next-generation sequencing and DNA methylation quantification for toxicity threshold determination.Archives of toxicology · 2025Article
- Cigarette Smoke Contributes to the Progression of MASLD: From the Molecular Mechanisms to Therapy.Cells · 2025Review
- Environmental factors inducing gastric cancer: insights into risk and prevention strategies.Discover oncology · 2025Review
- Integrative machine learning and transcriptomic analysis identifies key molecular targets in MNPN-associated oral squamous cell carcinoma pathogenesis.Frontiers in bioinformatics · 2025Article
- The Impact of Tobacco Smoking and Alcohol Consumption on the Development of Gastric Cancers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The tobacco-specific nitrosamines N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) are considered 'carcinogenic to humans' by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and are believed to be important in the carcinogenic effects of both smokeless tobacco and combusted tobacco products. This short review focuses on the results of recent studies on the formation of NNN and NNK in tobacco, and their carcinogenicity and toxicity in laboratory animals. New mechanistic insights are presented regarding the role of dissimilatory nitrate reductases in certain microorganisms involved in the conversion of nitrate to nitrite that leads to the formation of NNN and NNK during curing and processing of tobacco. Carcinogenicity studies of the enantiomers of the major NNK metabolite 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) and the enantiomers of NNN are reviewed. Recent toxicity studies of inhaled NNK and co-administration studies of NNK with formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein and CO2, all of which occur in high concentrations in cigarette smoke, are discussed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.