ArticleAmerican journal of hypertension2024
Real-World Impact of Blood Pressure Control in Patients With Apparent Treatment-Resistant or Difficult-to-Control Hypertension and Stages 3 and 4 Chronic Kidney Disease.
Article in American journal of hypertension, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.
- Aprocitentan in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease and Resistant Hypertension.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2026Trial
- Efficacy and Safety of SGLT-2 Inhibitors in Patients with Uncontrolled or Resistant Hypertension: A Pilot Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.High blood pressure & cardiovascular prevention : the official journal of the Italian Society of Hypertension · 2026Review
- Uncontrolled Hypertension Prevalence, Characteristic Profiles, and Risk of Cardiorenal and Metabolic Outcomes: Insights from the EnligHTN Study.Advances in therapy · 2026Article
- Fixed-dose combinationFrontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Soluble RAGE further stratifies risk of coronary artery and end-stage kidney disease in high-risk individuals with type 1 diabetes and treatment-resistant hypertension.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2025Observational
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundChronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common comorbidity in patients with apparent treatment-resistant hypertension (aTRH). We assessed clinical outcomes, healthcare resource utilization events, and costs in patients with aTRH or difficult-to-control hypertension and stage 3-4 CKD with uncontrolled vs. controlled BP.
methodsThis retrospective cohort study used linked IQVIA Ambulatory EMR-US and IQVIA PharMetrics Plus claims databases. Adult patients had claims for ≥3 antihypertensive medication classes within 30 days between 01/01/2015 and 06/30/2021, 2 office BP measures recorded 1-90 days apart, ≥1 claim with ICD-9/10-CM diagnosis codes for CKD 3/4, and ≥1 year of continuous enrollment. Baseline BP was defined as uncontrolled (≥130/80 mm Hg) or controlled (<130/80 mm Hg) BP. Outcomes included risk of major adverse cardiovascular events plus (MACE+; stroke, myocardial infarction, heart failure hospitalization), end-stage renal disease (ESRD), healthcare resource utilization events, and costs during follow-up.
resultsOf 3,966 patients with stage 3-4 CKD using ≥3 antihypertensive medications, 2,479 had uncontrolled BP and 1,487 had controlled BP. After adjusting for baseline differences, patients with uncontrolled vs. controlled BP had a higher risk of MACE+ (HR [95% CI]: 1.18 [1.03-1.36]), ESRD (1.85 [1.44-2.39]), inpatient hospitalization (rate ratio [95% CI]: 1.35 [1.28-1.43]), and outpatient visits (1.12 [1.11-1.12]) and incurred higher total medical and pharmacy costs (mean difference [95% CI]: $10,055 [$6,741-$13,646] per patient per year).
conclusionsPatients with aTRH and stage 3-4 CKD and uncontrolled BP despite treatment with ≥3 antihypertensive classes had an increased risk of MACE+ and ESRD and incurred greater healthcare resource utilization and medical expenditures compared with patients taking ≥3 antihypertensive classes with controlled BP.
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Registered trials
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