ArticleGut microbes
Maternal smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of gut microbiome-associated childhood overweight and obesity.
Article in Gut microbes. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Microbiome signatures and mechanistic pathways in pediatric obesity: from early-life risk to precision interventions.World journal of pediatrics : WJP · 2026Review
- Prenatal Stress, Enteric Nervous System Development, and the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: A Hypothesis-Generating Framework for Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Fibromyalgia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Early-life exposures and risk of multiple gynecological diseases: evidence from a large community-based study of 272,706 women.BMC women's health · 2026Observational
- Distinct early gut microbiota patterns by delivery mode within 100 hours of birth.World journal of clinical pediatrics · 2026Article
- The oral-gut-brain axis: how periodontitis influence depression.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Article
- The role of the gut microbiota during the first 2 years of life in the early programming of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- Early-life exposure to tobacco smoke increase risk of frailty in adulthood: evidence from a large prospective cohort study.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- Does the Maternal Gut Microbiome Influence the Outcome of Perinatal Asphyxia?Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Review
- Smoking-related gut microbiota alteration is associated with obesity and obesity-related diseases: results from two cohorts with sibling comparison analyses.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- Maternal smoking and its short- or long-term impact on offspring liver pathologies: a review of experimental and clinical studies.Toxicological research · 2025Review
- Offspring's exposome: a narrative review on the influence of early-life factors on childhood obesity risk.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Review
- The impact of in utero tobacco exposure on smoking behaviors, cardiovascular disease risk and all-cause mortality in adulthood: A UK Biobank study.Current research in toxicology · 2025Article
- Perinatal Hypoxia and Immune System Activation in Schizophrenia Pathogenesis: Critical Considerations During COVID-19 Pandemic.Physiological research · 2024Review
- From Fetus to Eight: the CHILD Cohort Study.American journal of epidemiology · 2024Article
- Perinatal Exposure to Tobacco Smoke and Its Association with the Maternal and Offspring Microbiome: A Systematic Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Reduce, reinforce, and replenish: safeguarding the early-life microbiota to reduce intergenerational health disparities.Frontiers in public health · 2024Review
- Research trends between childhood obesity and gut microbiota: a bibliometric analysis (2002-2023).Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 7 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Childhood obesity is linked to maternal smoking during pregnancy. Gut microbiota may partially mediate this association and could be potential targets for intervention; however, its role is understudied. We included 1,592 infants from the Canadian Healthy Infants Longitudinal Development Cohort. Data on environmental exposure and lifestyle factors were collected prenatally and throughout the first three years. Weight outcomes were measured at one and three years of age. Stool samples collected at 3 and 12 months were analyzed by sequencing the V4 region of 16S rRNA to profile microbial compositions and magnetic resonance spectroscopy to quantify the metabolites. We showed that quitting smoking during pregnancy did not lower the risk of offspring being overweight. However, exclusive breastfeeding until the third month of age may alleviate these risks. We also reported that maternal smoking during pregnancy significantly increased Firmicutes abundance and diversity. We further revealed that Firmicutes diversity mediates the elevated risk of childhood overweight and obesity linked to maternal prenatal smoking. This effect possibly occurs through excessive microbial butyrate production. These findings add to the evidence that women should quit smoking before their pregnancies to prevent microbiome-mediated childhood overweight and obesity risk, and indicate the potential obesogenic role of excessive butyrate production in early life.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.