ReviewFrontiers in immunology2024
IgG4 autoantibodies and autoantigens in the context of IgG4-autoimmune disease and IgG4-related disease.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Small particles of Echinococcus granulosus (spegs) and Echinococcus multilocularis (spems) promote follicular T helper cell expansion and are associated with IgE and IgG4 class switching in human lymph nodes.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- Beyond the Th2 paradigm: CD4+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes as key drivers of tissue damage and fibrosis in IgG4-related disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- From inflammatory initiation to fibrotic remodeling: mechanisms and precision therapeutic strategies in otorhinolaryngologic involvement of IgG4-related disease.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Parasite in cancer therapy: molecular mechanisms and translational potential.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Correlations between IgG4-related disease, autoimmune pancreatitis, and allergic diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- IgG4-related disease with comorbid autoimmune diseases: a retrospective study from a large cohort.Clinical rheumatology · 2025Article
- Complement and diverse enrichment of antibodies in intraluminal thrombi from abdominal aortic aneurysms may contribute to increased inflammation.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- IgG4-Related Disease: Emerging Roles of Novel Genetic Variants, Immune Cell Subsets and Therapeutic Targets.Allergy · 2025Review
- New Developments in the Treatment of IgG4-Related Disease: A Comprehensive Clinical Approach.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- IgG4-Related Cholangitis.Seminars in liver disease · 2025Review
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- Allergen Immunotherapy: Pitfalls, Perks and Unexpected Allies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Hypereosinophilic syndrome with elevated IgG4 and T-cell clonality: A report of two cases.Open life sciences · 2025Article
- Coexistence of immunoglobulin G4-related kidney disease and acute hematogenous disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis: a case report.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immunoglobulins are an essential part of the humoral immune response. IgG4 antibodies are the least prevalent subclass and have unique structural and functional properties. In this review, we discuss IgG4 class switch and B cell production. We review the importance of IgG4 antibodies in the context of allergic responses, helminth infections and malignancy. We discuss their anti-inflammatory and tolerogenic effects in allergen-specific immunotherapy, and ability to evade the immune system in parasitic infection and tumour cells. We then focus on the role of IgG4 autoantibodies and autoantigens in IgG4-autoimmune diseases and IgG4-related disease, highlighting important parallels and differences between them. In IgG4-autoimmune diseases, pathogenesis is based on a direct role of IgG4 antibodies binding to self-antigens and disturbing homeostasis. In IgG4-related disease, where affected organs are infiltrated with IgG4-expressing plasma cells, IgG4 antibodies may also directly target a number of self-antigens or be overexpressed as an epiphenomenon of the disease. These antigen-driven processes require critical T and B cell interaction. Lastly, we explore the current gaps in our knowledge and how these may be addressed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.