Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38431692›Full record

ArticleScientific data2024

Lumbar spine segmentation in MR images: a dataset and a public benchmark.

Jasper W van der Graaf, Miranda L van Hooff, Constantinus F M Buckens, Matthieu Rutten, Job L C van Susante, Robert Jan Kroeze, Marinus de Kleuver, Bram van Ginneken, Nikolas Lessmann

Abstract readDataset
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific data, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
30citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

30 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Identifying the presence of disc herniations in lumbar spine MRI using Gemini 3.1 Pro.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2026
    Article
  2. Posture-dependent assessment of whole-spine curvature with a rotatable cryogen-free 1.5T MRI and automated Cobb angle analysis.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
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  5. Article
  6. Bone Fusion in the Cervical Spine: Where Are We Now?Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. SpineScan: a deep learning model for lumbar spine MRI annotation and Pfirrmann grading assessment.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2026
    Article
  10. Article
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  14. 3D spine reconstruction from a single radiograph based on GANs.Medical & biological engineering & computing · 2026
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Jasper W van der GraafDiagnostic Image Analysis Group, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. jasper.vandergraaf@radboudumc.nl.ORCID 0000-0001-8684-5175
Miranda L van HooffDepartment of Orthopedic surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Constantinus F M BuckensDepartment of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Matthieu RuttenDiagnostic Image Analysis Group, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Job L C van SusanteDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Netherlands.
Robert Jan KroezeDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Sint Maartenskliniek, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Marinus de KleuverDepartment of Orthopedic surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Bram van GinnekenDiagnostic Image Analysis Group, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Nikolas LessmannDiagnostic Image Analysis Group, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0001-7935-9611

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This paper presents a large publicly available multi-center lumbar spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) dataset with reference segmentations of vertebrae, intervertebral discs (IVDs), and spinal canal. The dataset includes 447 sagittal T1 and T2 MRI series from 218 patients with a history of low back pain and was collected from four different hospitals. An iterative data annotation approach was used by training a segmentation algorithm on a small part of the dataset, enabling semi-automatic segmentation of the remaining images. The algorithm provided an initial segmentation, which was subsequently reviewed, manually corrected, and added to the training data. We provide reference performance values for this baseline algorithm and nnU-Net, which performed comparably. Performance values were computed on a sequestered set of 39 studies with 97 series, which were additionally used to set up a continuous segmentation challenge that allows for a fair comparison of different segmentation algorithms. This study may encourage wider collaboration in the field of spine segmentation and improve the diagnostic value of lumbar spine MRI.

Indexed as

Intervertebral DiscLumbar VertebraeAlgorithmsHumansImage Processing, Computer-AssistedLow Back PainMagnetic Resonance Imaging

Identifiers

PMID38431692
PMCPMC10908819

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.