ArticleDrug delivery and translational research2024
Preparation and characterization of Sorafenib nano-emulsion: impact on pharmacokinetics and toxicity; an in vitro and in vivo study.
Article in Drug delivery and translational research, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Advancing PROTAC therapeutics through chemistry-guided design of smart delivery systems.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2026Review
- Article
- Wound Healing Activity of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles; Comparative In Vivo Study onAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Orally Administered Self-Microemulsifying Celastrol Alleviates Rheumatoid Arthritis by Modulating the Expression of TNF-α.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Development and Preclinical Safety Evaluation of an Injectable β-Caryophyllene Nanoemulsion.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Advanced modafinil-loaded transethosomes for brain targeting: development, ex-vivo permeation and radio-distribution evaluations.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Article
- Harnessing Hybrid Niosomes for Improved Oral Bioavailability of an Anticoagulant: Design, Optimization and In-Vivo Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Evaluations.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2026Article
- Engineered Novel Brijaluronic Terpesomes for Brain-Targeted Quercetin Delivery: Optimization, Ex Vivo and Radiokinetics.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2026Article
- Harnessing Novel Tetra-Synergistic Bilosomes for Effective Otomycosis Management: Integrated In-Vitro, Microbiological and In-vivo Studies.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2026Article
- Hepatotropic Nanomedicine and Targeted Nanocarriers for Liver Diseases and Hepatocellular Carcinoma.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Soluplus Stabilized Amorphous Dispersions for Enhanced Oral Absorption of Felodipine.Current drug delivery · 2026Article
- Emerging nanomedicine for liver diseases treatment.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Review
- Article
- Efficacy and safety of transcatheter arterial embolization combined with ablation and regorafenib for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma patients failing first-line treatment: a real-world study.Journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2025Article
- Pharmacokinetics of Milbemycin Oxime in Pekingese Dogs after Single Oral and Intravenous Administration.Veterinary medicine and science · 2025Article
- Whey Protein Isolate-Encapsulated Astaxanthin Nanoemulsion More Effectively Mitigates Skeletal Muscle Atrophy in Dexamethasone-Induced Mice.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Innovations in Nanoemulsion Technology: Enhancing Drug Delivery for Oral, Parenteral, and Ophthalmic Applications.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ranks as the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Current treatment strategies include surgical resection, liver transplantation, liver-directed therapy, and systemic therapy. Sorafenib (Sor) is the first systemic drug authorized by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for HCC treatment. Nevertheless, the conventional oral administration of Sor presents several limitations: poor solubility, low bioavailability, drug resistance development, and off-target tissue accumulation, leading to numerous adverse effects. Nano-emulsion, a nano-delivery system, is a viable carrier for poorly water-soluble drugs. It aims to enhance drug bioavailability, target organ accumulation, and reduce off-target tissue exposure, thus improving therapeutic outcomes while minimizing side effects. This study formulated Sor nano-emulsion (Sor NanoEm) using the homogenization technique. The resultant nano-emulsion was characterized by particle size (121.75 ± 12 nm), polydispersity index (PDI; 0.310), zeta potential (-12.33 ± 1.34 mV), viscosity (34,776 ± 3276 CPs), and pH (4.38 ± 0.3). Transmission Electron Microscopy exhibited spherical nano-droplets with no aggregation signs indicating stability. Furthermore, the encapsulation of Sor within the nano-emulsion sustained its release, potentially reducing the frequency of therapeutic doses. Cytotoxicity assessments on the HepG2 cell line revealed that Sor NanoEm had a significantly (P < 0.05) more potent cytotoxic effect compared to Sor suspension. Subsequent tests highlighted superior pharmacokinetic parameters and reduced dosage requirements of Sor NanoEm in mice. It exhibited an enhanced safety profile, particularly in behavior, brain, and liver, compared to its suspended form. These findings underscore the enhanced pharmacological and toxicological attributes of Sor Nano-emulsion, suggesting its potential utility in HCC treatment.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.