SynthesisJournal of neurology2024
Retinal imaging for the assessment of stroke risk: a systematic review.
Synthesis in Journal of neurology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of Bariatric Surgery on Improvement of Retinal Microvasculature in Patients With Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Clinical obesity · 2026Pooled it
- Meta-analysis of the association between retinopathy and the risk of stroke.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Retinal microvascular changes on retinal photographs for predicting stroke recurrence: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Eye (London, England) · 2026Article
- Retinal Vessel Traits and the Risk of Stroke: The Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- AI-driven multimodal retinal imaging for early detection and risk stratification of vascular and neurodegenerative diseases.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Review
- Review
- Predicting stroke risk using retinal imaging with artificial intelligence: a scoping review of current evidence.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Review
- Retinal imaging for cerebrovascular risk stratification: evidence, limitations, and practical thresholds for the ophthalmologist.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Review
- Review
- Multi-omic analysis of deep learning-derived phenotypes links ophthalmic imaging to cardiovascular and neurological traits.Nature cardiovascular research · 2026Article
- Prevention in stroke - Current state, present gaps and probable next steps.Neurological research and practice · 2026Review
- Severe tortuosity but not altered retinal vessel diameters in children and young adults with Familial Mediterranean Fever: a case-control study.Rheumatology international · 2026Article
- Interactive effect of retinal microvascular impairment and larger lesion diameter on cognitive impairment in lacunar infarction.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2026Article
- Ophthalmic imaging as a measure of cardiovascular and neurological health: a multi-omic analysis of deep-learning derived phenotypes.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Article
- Exploring the causal relationship between 16 eye diseases and stroke and their subtypes from a genome-wide perspective.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- A Novel Nomogram Integrating Retinal Microvasculature and Clinical Indicators for Individualized Prediction of Early Neurological Deterioration in Single Subcortical Infarction.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2025Observational
- Genetic Analysis of Retinal Cell Types in Neuropsychiatric Disorders.JAMA psychiatry · 2025Article
- Neurovascular Changes in the Retina of Parkinson's Disease Patients: A Comprehensive Study on Disease Severity, Levodopa Dosage, and Stroke Risk.Noro psikiyatri arsivi · 2025Article
- Investigation of early-stage cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome on retinal structure and function evaluated by optical coherence tomography angiography.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundStroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Retinal imaging allows non-invasive assessment of the microvasculature. Consequently, retinal imaging is a technology which is garnering increasing attention as a means of assessing cardiovascular health and stroke risk.
methodsA biomedical literature search was performed to identify prospective studies that assess the role of retinal imaging derived biomarkers as indicators of stroke risk.
resultsTwenty-four studies were included in this systematic review. The available evidence suggests that wider retinal venules, lower fractal dimension, increased arteriolar tortuosity, presence of retinopathy, and presence of retinal emboli are associated with increased likelihood of stroke. There is weaker evidence to suggest that narrower arterioles and the presence of individual retinopathy traits such as microaneurysms and arteriovenous nicking indicate increased stroke risk. Our review identified three models utilizing artificial intelligence algorithms for the analysis of retinal images to predict stroke. Two of these focused on fundus photographs, whilst one also utilized optical coherence tomography (OCT) technology images. The constructed models performed similarly to conventional risk scores but did not significantly exceed their performance. Only two studies identified in this review used OCT imaging, despite the higher dimensionality of this data.
conclusionWhilst there is strong evidence that retinal imaging features can be used to indicate stroke risk, there is currently no predictive model which significantly outperforms conventional risk scores. To develop clinically useful tools, future research should focus on utilization of deep learning algorithms, validation in external cohorts, and analysis of OCT images.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.