ArticleAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)2024
Ionic Solvent Shell Drives Electroactuation in Organic Mixed Ionic-Electronic Conductors.
Article in Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Dynamic disorder as an advantage for charge transport in organic mixed ionic-electronic conductors.Journal of materials chemistry. C · 2026Article
- Modulated electrochemical force microscopy: Investigation of sodium-ion transport at hard carbon composite anodes.Journal of microscopy · 2026Article
- Conducting Polymers for Electrochemical Sensing: From Materials and Metrology to Intelligent and Sustainable Biointerfaces.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Investigation of Transport in OECTs with Electrochemical Strain Wave Microscopy.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2025Article
- Electrical Stimulation of Cells: Drivers, Technology, and Effects.Chemical reviews · 2025Review
- Dissipative charge transport in organic mixed ionic-electronic conductor channels.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Controlling Ion Uptake in Carboxylated Mixed Conductors.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2025Article
- Ionic Solvent Shell Drives Electroactuation in Organic Mixed Ionic-Electronic Conductors.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
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Abstract
The conversion of electrochemical processes into mechanical deformation in organic mixed ionic-electronic conductors (OMIECs) enables artificial muscle-like actuators but is also critical for degradation processes affecting OMIEC-based devices. To provide a microscopic understanding of electroactuation, the modulated electrochemical atomic force microscopy (mEC-AFM) is introduced here as a novel in-operando characterization method for electroactive materials. The technique enables multidimensional spectroscopic investigations of local electroactuation and charge uptake giving access to the electroactuation transfer function. For poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) based microelectrodes, the spectroscopic measurements are combined with multichannel mEC-AFM imaging, providing maps of local electroactuation amplitude and phase as well as surface morphology. The results demonstrate that the amplitude and timescales of electroactuation are governed by the drift motion of hydrated ions. Accordingly, slower water diffusion processes are not limiting, and the results illustrate how OMIEC microactuators can operate at sub-millisecond timescales.
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Registered trials
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