ArticleCell communication and signaling : CCS2024
O-GlcNAc of STING mediates antiviral innate immunity.
Article in Cell communication and signaling : CCS, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- HSV-1 metabolic hijacking: Mechanisms to precision therapeutics.Virulence · 2026Review
- Distinct O-Linked Glycosylation Systems in Signaling and Immune Regulation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Glycosylation as a dynamic regulator of RLR and cGAS-STING innate immune signalling pathways.Communications biology · 2026Review
- STING signaling pathway: An oasis in the glioblastoma immune desert.Theranostics · 2026Review
- O-GlcNAcylation at the tumor-immune interface: a metabolic post-translational code driving immune evasion and therapy resistance in cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The crosstalk between ubiquitination and GlcNAcylation of CHAF1A regulates HIV-1 latency and reactivation.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- GLUL mediates FOXO3 O-GlcNAcylation to regulate the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and senile osteoporosis.Cell death and differentiation · 2025Article
- O-GlcNAcylation: A Nutrient-Sensitive Metabolic Rheostat in Antiviral Immunity and Viral Pathogenesis.Cells · 2025Review
- The STING signaling pathways and bacterial infection.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2025Review
- STING regulates NETs formation by activating GSDMD in influenza viral pneumonia.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Post-translational modifications as a key mechanism for herpes simplex virus type I evasion of host innate immunity.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- STING exerts antiviral innate immune response by activating pentose phosphate pathway.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2024Article
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12 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundO-GlcNAcylation modification affects multiple physiological and pathophysiolocal functions of cells. Altered O-GlcNAcylation was reported to participate in antivirus response. Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is an adaptor mediating DNA virus-induced innate immune response. Whether STING is able to be modified by O-GlcNAcylation and how O-GlcNAcylation affects STING-mediated anti-DNA virus response remain unknown.
methodsMetabolomics analysis was used for detecting metabolic alterations in HSV-1 infection cells. Succinylated wheat germ agglutinin (sWGA), co-immunoprecipitation, and pull-down assay were employed for determining O-GlcNAcylation. Mutagenesis PCR was applied for the generation of STING mutants. WT and Sting1
resultsSTING was functionally activated by O-GlcNAcylation in host cells challenged with HSV-1. We demonstrated that this signaling event was initiated by virus infection-enhanced hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP). HSV-1 (or viral DNA mimics) promotes glucose metabolism of host cells with a marked increase in HBP, which provides donor glucosamine for O-GlcNAcylation. STING was O-GlcNAcylated on threonine 229, which led to lysine 63-linked ubiquitination of STING and activation of antiviral immune responses. Mutation of STING T229 to alanine abrogated STING activation and reduced HSV-1 stimulated production of interferon (IFN). Application of 6-diazo-5-oxonorleucine (DON), an agent that blocks the production of UDP-GlcNAc and inhibits O-GlcNAcylation, markedly attenuated the removal of HSV-1 in wild type C57BL/6 mice, leading to an increased viral retention, elevated infiltration of inflammatory cells, and worsened tissue damages to those displayed in STING gene knockout mice. Together, our data suggest that STING is O-GlcNAcylated in HSV-1, which is crucial for an effective antiviral innate immune response.
conclusionHSV-1 infection activates the generation of UDP-Glc-NAc by upregulating the HBP metabolism. Elevated UDP-Glc-NAc promotes the O-GlcNAcylation of STING, which mediates the anti-viral function of STING. Targeting O-GlcNAcylation of STING could be a useful strategy for antiviral innate immunity.
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