ArticleActa diabetologica2024
Causal effects of inflammatory bowel disease on risk of type 2 diabetes: a two-sample multivariable Mendelian randomization study.
Article in Acta diabetologica, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Metabolic Disorders and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Unraveling Shared Pathways and Clinical Interactions.Metabolites · 2026Review
- Management of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Risk in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Current Perspectives.Advances in therapy · 2025Review
- Dissecting the bidirectional associations between the progression of gastrointestinal and endocrine diseases.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Review
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimThis study aimed to explore the causal association between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) based on a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study.
methodsSummary single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-phenotype association data were obtained from published two genome-wide association studies (GWAS) including SNPs related to IBD, UC, or CD in European participants (n = 71,997) and East Asian participants (n = 16,805). Two GWAS including SNPs associated with T2D included 655,666 Europeans and 433,540 East Asians. A series of screening processes were performed to select qualified instrumental SNPs strongly related to exposure. We applied the inverse variance weighted (IVW), the MR-Egger regression, and the weighted median to estimate the causal effects of IBD, ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn' disease (CD) on T2D. Cochran's Q test was conducted to evaluate the statistical heterogeneity between SNPs in the IVW method. The leave-one-out analysis was employed to assess whether the results were caused by any single SNP associated with IBD, UC, or CD. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated.
resultsThe IVW results demonstrated that IBD could increase the risk of T2D in the European population (OR = 1.0230, 95%CI: 1.0073-1.0390). UC was positively associated with the risk of T2D according to the weighted median (OR = 1.0274, 95%CI: 1.0009-1.0546) and IVW (OR = 1.0244, 95%CI: 1.0071-1.0421) results in the European population. The IVW results indicated that the CD was positively associated with the risk of T2D in the European population (OR = 1.0187, 95%CI: 1.0045-1.0330). In the East Asian population, there are no associations between the IBD, UC, or CD and the risk of T2D (all P > 0.05). MVMR results revealed that the causal effect UC on T2D was still statistically significant after including body mass index (BMI) or low-density lipoprotein (LDL).
conclusionIBD, UC, or CD had causal effects on the risk of T2D in the European population, which might provide evidence for the prevention of T2D in patients with IBD, UC, or CD.
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