ArticleArchives of plastic surgery2024
Etiology of Delayed Inflammatory Reaction Induced by Hyaluronic Acid Filler.
Article in Archives of plastic surgery, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical Durability of Hyaluronic Acid-Based Dermal Fillers for Facial Application: A Systematic Review.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2026Pooled it
- Foreign Body Granulomas Reaction Related to Collagen Stimulatory Cosmetic Fillers: A Systematic Review.Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2025Pooled it
- Twelve-Month Outcome of Nasolabial Fold Correction by a Novel Non-1,4-Butanediol Diglycidyl Ether, Click-Crosslinked, Long-Chain Hyaluronic Acid Product.Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2026Trial
- Clinical translation of injectable hydrogels: from bioactive polymers to long-acting drug delivery systems.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Review
- Clinical safety of a low-modification hyaluronic acid filler (MoD 2%) for facial rejuvenation.JPRAS open · 2026Article
- Incidence and Characteristics of Delayed Inflammatory Reactions Secondary to Hyaluronic Acid Filler Injections: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis.Aesthetic surgery journal. Open forum · 2026Review
- Exploring the Immunological Implications of Insoluble Particulate Impurities in Hyaluronic Acid Fillers: Integrated Physicochemical and Histological Analyses of the Cohesive Polydensified Matrix Range.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2026Article
- Management of Delayed Complications of Hyaluronic Acid Fillers: Case Series From the Middle East.Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2025Article
- Safety and Performance of RHA4 in the Midface Using the Multilayering Technique: Preclinical and Clinical Evidence.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2025Article
- Granulomatous Reaction to Lip Filler in a Patient with Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Case Report.Cureus · 2024Article
- Late-Onset Reactions after Hyaluronic Acid Dermal Fillers: A Consensus Recommendation on Etiology, Prevention and Management.Dermatology and therapy · 2024Review
- Unveiling the Hidden Dangers: Massive Allergic Dermatitis After Hyaluronic Acid Injection.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2024Article
- Severe Periocular Inflammatory Reaction Mimicking Necrotizing Fasciitis following Hyaluronic Acid Microinjections: A Case Report and Literature Review.Case reports in ophthalmologyArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The etiology and pathophysiology of delayed inflammatory reactions caused by hyaluronic acid fillers have not yet been elucidated. Previous studies have suggested that the etiology can be attributed to the hyaluronic acid filler itself, patient's immunological status, infection, and injection technique. Hyaluronic acid fillers are composed of high-molecular weight hyaluronic acids that are chemically cross-linked using substances such as 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether (BDDE). The mechanism by which BDDE cross-links the two hyaluronic acid disaccharides is still unclear and it may exist as a fully reacted cross-linker, pendant cross-linker, deactivated cross-linker, and residual cross-linker. The hyaluronic acid filler also contains impurities such as silicone oil and aluminum during the manufacturing process. Impurities can induce a foreign body reaction when the hyaluronic acid filler is injected into the body. Aseptic hyaluronic acid filler injections should be performed while considering the possibility of biofilm formation or delayed inflammatory reaction. Delayed inflammatory reactions tend to occur when patients experience flu-like illnesses; thus, the patient's immunological status plays an important role in delayed inflammatory reactions. Large-bolus hyaluronic acid filler injections can induce foreign body reactions and carry a relatively high risk of granuloma formation.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.