ReviewClinical parkinsonism & related disorders2024
Continuous subcutaneous foslevodopa/foscarbidopa infusion for the treatment of motor fluctuations in Parkinson's disease: Considerations for initiation and maintenance.
Review in Clinical parkinsonism & related disorders, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and Safety of Foslevodopa/Foscarbidopa Monotherapy in Patients with Parkinson's Disease.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2026Trial
- Characteristics and Hospitalization Details of Patients with Advanced Parkinson's Disease Receiving Continuous Subcutaneous Infusion of Foslevodopa/Foscarbidopa: Real-World First-Year Descriptive Study from Japan.Neurology and therapy · 2026Article
- Real-world experience with foslevodopa/foscarbidopa in Germany: therapeutic insights and lessons learned.Neurological research and practice · 2026Review
- Continuous Subcutaneous Foslevodopa/Foscarbidopa in Advanced Parkinson's Disease.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2026Article
- Observational Retrospective Cohort of Patient Support Program Data on Practical Experiences of Treatment with Foslevodopa/Foscarbidopa in Advanced Parkinson's Disease: The ORCHESTRA Study.Neurology and therapy · 2026Article
- Review
- Diurnal-Only Foslevodopa/Foscarbidopa.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2026Article
- Neuropsychiatric Adverse Events Associated With Foslevodopa/Foscarbidopa Continuous Subcutaneous Infusion in Clinical Practice: A Multicenter Study.European journal of neurology · 2026Observational
- Pathophysiology and pharmacological management for sleep problems in Parkinson's disease.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2026Review
- Psychosis After Weight Loss During Continuous Subcutaneous Foslevodopa/Foscarbidopa Therapy.Journal of movement disorders · 2026Article
- Considerations for Initiation and Maintenance of Foslevodopa/Foscarbidopa for Advanced Parkinson's Disease.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2026Review
- Opicapone as Add-On Therapy to Continuous Subcutaneous Foslevodopa/Foscarbidopa Infusion: Clinical Improvement and Wearable Sensor-Based Gait Analysis.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Real-world outcomes and early discontinuation of foslevodopa/foscarbidopa in Parkinson's disease.Journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Neuropsychiatric and Cognitive Safety of Subcutaneous Foslevodopa/Foscarbidopa in Advanced Parkinson's Disease: Insights From a Real-World Cohort.Journal of movement disorders · 2026Article
- Multiple aseptic cellulitis following continuous subcutaneous injection of foslevodopa-foscarbidopa: Two case reports.JAAD case reports · 2026Article
- Switching from Levodopa/Carbidopa Intestinal Gel to Continuous Subcutaneous Foslevodopa/Carbidopa Infusion in Advanced Parkinson's Disease: A Case Series.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2026Article
- Parkinson's Disease Multidisciplinary Complex Therapy (PD-MCT): appreciation of its current function for the treatment of people with Parkinson's disease in Germany and the needs of future development.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026Review
- Foslevodopa/Foscarbidopa in Younger Patients Earlier Within Advanced Parkinson's Disease: Post Hoc Analysis of a Randomized Trial.Neurology and therapy · 2026Article
- Transition from subcutaneous levodopa/carbidopa (ND0612) to Foslevodopa/Foscarbidopa in advanced Parkinson's disease.Clinical parkinsonism & related disorders · 2026Article
- Real-world implementation of continuous subcutaneous foslevodopa/foscarbidopa in advanced Parkinson's disease: first clinical experience from the Middle East.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
22 authors at 15 institutions in 7 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: As Parkinson's disease (PD) advances, management is challenged by an increasingly variable and inconsistent response to oral dopaminergic therapy, requiring special considerations by the provider. Continuous 24 h/day subcutaneous infusion of foslevodopa/foscarbidopa (LDp/CDp) provides steady dopaminergic stimulation that can reduce symptom fluctuation. Objective: Our aim is to review the initiation, optimization, and maintenance of LDp/CDp therapy, identify possible challenges, and share potential mitigations. Methods: Review available LDp/CDp clinical trial data for practical considerations regarding the management of patients during LDp/CDp therapy initiation, optimization, and maintenance based on investigator clinical trial experience. Results: LDp/CDp initiation, optimization, and maintenance can be done without hospitalization in the clinic setting. Continuous 24 h/day LDp/CDp infusion can offer more precise symptom control than oral medications, showing improvements in motor fluctuations during both daytime and nighttime hours. Challenges include infusion-site adverse events for which early detection and prompt management may be required, as well as systemic adverse events (eg, hallucinations) that may require adjustment of the infusion rate or other interventions. A learning curve should be anticipated with initiation of therapy, and expectation setting with patients and care partners is key to successful initiation and maintenance of therapy. Conclusion: Continuous subcutaneous infusion of LDp/CDp represents a promising therapeutic option for individuals with PD. Individualized dose optimization during both daytime and nighttime hours, coupled with patient education, and early recognition of certain adverse events (plus their appropriate management) are required for the success of this minimally invasive and highly efficacious therapy.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.