Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38419094›Full record

ArticleAntimicrobial resistance and infection control2024

The combined application of hand hygiene and non-sterile gloves by nurses in a tertiary hospital: a multi methods study.

Mireille Dekker, Rosa van Mansfeld, Marjon Borgert, Jolanda Maaskant, Frederique Paulus, Annamarike Seller, Irene P Jongerden

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Antimicrobial resistance and infection control, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
1.6field-weighted citation impact, top 19% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Polypropylene wiping cloths contaminated withAntimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Mireille DekkerDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. m.vanoijen@amsterdamumc.nl.
Rosa van MansfeldDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Marjon BorgertAmsterdam UMC, Department of Intensive Care, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Jolanda MaaskantAmsterdam UMC, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Frederique PaulusAmsterdam UMC, Department of Intensive Care, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Annamarike SellerDepartment of Human Resources, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Irene P JongerdenDepartment of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Amsterdam University Medical Centers · NLVrije Universiteit Amsterdam · NLUniversity of Amsterdam · NL

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe application of hand hygiene (HH) and the use of non-sterile gloves (NSG) in daily care is highly intertwined. We aimed (1) to assess the combined application of HH and NSG among nurses and (2) to explore determinants that influence their ability to combine both measures in their care.

methodsIn a multi-methods study, we combined direct observations of care episodes with semi-structured interviews with nurses in two affiliated university hospitals. Topics were based on Flottorp's checklist of determinants of practice.

resultsIn total, we observed 205 care episodes and interviewed 10 nurses. Observations revealed that the combination of NSG and HH was correctly applied in 19% of care episodes in which a single procedure was executed, and in 2% of care episodes in which multiple procedures were performed. From the interviews, we found determinants that influenced compliance, covered mainly by three out of seven of Flottorp's checklist domains. Nurses indicated that their knowledge of protocols was limited to HH and protocols were hardly ever actively consulted; visual reminders within their workplace were used as sources of information. Nurses' behavior was primarily influenced by their ability to operationalize this information and their ability to integrate both infection prevention measures into their care. The intention to apply and combine HH and NSG use was influenced by their risk assessment of cross-contamination, by the urge to self-protect and gut feeling. The feasibility to execute HH and NSG protocols is influenced by the urgency and the complexity of the care episode.

conclusionsThe combined correct application with HH and NSG measures by nurses is low. Nurses are instructed in a fragmented way while in the day to day care HH and NSG use are highly intertwined. Operationalization and simplification of infection prevention protocols, in which instructions on both infection prevention measures are fused, should be considered. Strategies to improve practice should consider the power of habit and nurses urge to self-protect.

Indexed as

Cross InfectionHand HygieneHealth PersonnelHumansReferral and ConsultationTertiary Care CentersBehaviorCross-transmissionGlove-useGuideline AdherenceHospitalsInfection PreventionNosocomial infectionsNursing.

Identifiers

PMID38419094
PMCPMC10903006
OpenAlexW4392242923

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.