ArticleCommunications medicine2024
Socio-spatial equity analysis of relative wealth index and emergency obstetric care accessibility in urban Nigeria.
Article in Communications medicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Inter-facility travel time and referral for emergency obstetric care in the 15 most populated cities of Nigeria: a spatial analysis.BMC global and public health · 2026Article
- Reporting maternal deaths in Anglophone West Africa: A media content analysis of articles published online between 2015 and 2025.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Modeling Geographical Accessibility and Inequalities to Childbirth Services in the Grand Nokoué Metropolitan Area, Benin.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2025Article
- Improving complex health systems and lived environments for maternal and perinatal well-being in urban sub-Saharan Africa: the UrbanBirth Collective.Journal of global health · 2025Article
- Optimising availability and geographical accessibility to emergency obstetric care within a sub-national social health insurance scheme in Nigeria.Frontiers in health services · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
18 authors at 11 institutions in 7 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundBetter geographical accessibility to comprehensive emergency obstetric care (CEmOC) facilities can significantly improve pregnancy outcomes. However, with other factors, such as affordability critical for care access, it is important to explore accessibility across groups. We assessed CEmOC geographical accessibility by wealth status in the 15 most-populated Nigerian cities.
methodsWe mapped city boundaries, verified and geocoded functional CEmOC facilities, and assembled population distribution for women of childbearing age and Meta's Relative Wealth Index (RWI). We used the Google Maps Platform's internal Directions Application Programming Interface to obtain driving times to public and private facilities. City-level median travel time (MTT) and number of CEmOC facilities reachable within 60 min were summarised for peak and non-peak hours per wealth quintile. The correlation between RWI and MTT to the nearest public CEmOC was calculated.
resultsWe show that MTT to the nearest public CEmOC facility is lowest in the wealthiest 20% in all cities, with the largest difference in MTT between the wealthiest 20% and least wealthy 20% seen in Onitsha (26 vs 81 min) and the smallest in Warri (20 vs 30 min). Similarly, the average number of public CEmOC facilities reachable within 60 min varies (11 among the wealthiest 20% and six among the least wealthy in Kano). In five cities, zero facilities are reachable under 60 min for the least wealthy 20%. Those who live in the suburbs particularly have poor accessibility to CEmOC facilities.
conclusionsOur findings show that the least wealthy mostly have poor accessibility to care. Interventions addressing CEmOC geographical accessibility targeting poor people are needed to address inequities in urban settings.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.