Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38418763›Full record

SynthesisEuropean radiology experimental2024

The environmental impact of energy consumption and carbon emissions in radiology departments: a systematic review.

Andrea Roletto, Moreno Zanardo, Giuseppe Roberto Bonfitto, Diego Catania, Francesco Sardanelli, Simone Zanoni

Abstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in European radiology experimental, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
33citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. CIRSE Position Statement on Sustainability in Interventional Radiology.Cardiovascular and interventional radiology · 2026
    Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Radiology's Triple Helix: Value, Patient Care, and the Planet.Journal of the American College of Radiology : JACR · 2026
    Article
  14. Observational
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. A do-it-yourself approach to waste-heat recovery in MRI.Magnetic resonance in medicine · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Andrea RolettoDepartment of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Via Branze 38, 25123, Brescia, Italy. andrea.roletto@unibs.it.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0271-5638
Moreno ZanardoRadiology Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Via Morandi 30, 20097, San Donato Milanese, Italy.
Giuseppe Roberto BonfittoDepartment of Information Engineering, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Via Branze 38, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
Diego CataniaHealth Professions Leadership and Management Unit, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.
Francesco SardanelliRadiology Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Via Morandi 30, 20097, San Donato Milanese, Italy.
Simone ZanoniDepartment of Civil, Environmental, Architectural Engineering and Mathematics, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Via Branze 43, 25123, Brescia, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesEnergy consumption and carbon emissions from medical equipment like CT/MRI scanners and workstations contribute to the environmental impact of healthcare facilities. The aim of this systematic review was to identify all strategies to reduce energy use and carbon emissions in radiology.

methodsIn June 2023, a systematic review (Medline/Embase/Web of Science) was performed to search original articles on environmental sustainability in radiology. The extracted data include environmental sustainability topics (e.g., energy consumption, carbon footprint) and radiological devices involved. Sustainable actions and environmental impact in radiology settings were analyzed. Study quality was assessed using the QualSyst tool.

resultsFrom 918 retrieved articles, 16 met the inclusion criteria. Among them, main topics were energy consumption (10/16, 62.5%), life-cycle assessment (4/16, 25.0%), and carbon footprint (2/16, 12.5%). Eleven studies reported that 40-91% of the energy consumed by radiological devices can be defined as "nonproductive" (devices "on" but not working). Turning-off devices during idle periods 9/16 (56.2%) and implementing workflow informatic tools (2/16, 12.5%) were the sustainable actions identified. Energy-saving strategies were reported in 8/16 articles (50%), estimating annual savings of thousand kilowatt-hours (14,180-171,000 kWh). Cost-savings were identified in 7/16 (43.7%) articles, ranging from US $9,225 to 14,328 per device. Study quality was over or equal the 80% of high-quality level in 14/16 (87.5%) articles.

conclusionEnergy consumption and environmental sustainability in radiology received attention in literature. Sustainable actions include turning-off radiological devices during idle periods, favoring the most energy-efficient imaging devices, and educating radiological staff on energy-saving practices, without compromising service quality. RELEVANCE STATEMENT: A non-negligible number of articles - mainly coming from North America and Europe - highlighted the need for energy-saving strategies, attention to equipment life-cycle assessment, and carbon footprint reduction in radiology, with a potential for cost-saving outcome. KEY POINTS: • Energy consumption and environmental sustainability in radiology received attention in the literature (16 articles published from 2010 to 2023). • A substantial portion (40-91%) of the energy consumed by radiological devices was classified as "non-productive" (devices "on" but not working). • Sustainable action such as shutting down devices during idle periods was identified, with potential annual energy savings ranging from 14,180 to 171,000 kWh.

Indexed as

Carbon FootprintRadiology Department, HospitalEnvironmentHumansCarbon emissionsElectricityEnergy savingsEnvironmental sustainabilityRadiology

Identifiers

PMID38418763
PMCPMC10902235

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.