ArticleAutism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research2024
Racial and ethnic disparities in the co-occurrence of intellectual disability and autism: Impact of incorporating measures of adaptive functioning.
Sarah M Furnier, Ronald Gangnon, Julie L Daniels, Susan Ellis Weismer, Cy Nadler, Karen Pazol, Nuri M Reyes, Steven Rosenberg, Eric Rubenstein, Lisa D Wiggins and 2 more
Article in Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
2.1field-weighted citation impact, top 15% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
2 · The registry
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
3 · Its place in the literature
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
5 · Who and what money
Authors and funding
12 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Sarah M FurnierDepartment of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1766-1417
Ronald GangnonDepartment of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Julie L DanielsDepartment of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
Susan Ellis WeismerWaisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Cy NadlerDivision of Developmental and Behavioral Health, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1568-9221
Karen PazolNational Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Nuri M ReyesDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
Steven RosenbergDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
Eric RubensteinDepartment of Epidemiology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9146-4497
Lisa D WigginsNational Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Marshalyn Yeargin-AllsoppNational Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Maureen S DurkinDepartment of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
University of Wisconsin–Madison · USCenters for Disease Control and Prevention · USUniversity of Colorado Denver · USBoston University · USChildren's Mercy Hospital · USUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill · US
Funding
UNC-CH CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH &SUSCEPTIBILITYP30ES010126 · NIEHS · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI Stephanie Engel · 2001 to 2026
$36.3M
Centers for Autism & Develop Disabilities Resarch & Epidemiol:A Case-Cohort StudyU10DD000183 · DD · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI FALLIN, M DANIELE · 2006 to 2010
$8.2M
MD CADDRE: Study to Explore Early Development, SEED Phase IIU01DD000746 · DD · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI FALLIN, M DANIELE · 2011 to 2015
$7.0M
Component A: NC Study to Explore Early Development Phase 3 (SEED 3)U01DD001205 · DD · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI DANIELS, JULIE L · 2016 to 2020
$6.4M
Waisman Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center Down Syndrome RegistryU54HD090256 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI CHANG, QIANG · 2016 to 2020
$6.0M
National CADDRE Study: Child Development and AutismU10DD000182 · DD · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI PINTO-MARTIN, JENNIFER A · 2006 to 2010
$5.8M
National CADDRE Study: Child Development and AutismU10DD000181 · DD · KAISER FOUNDATION RESEARCH INSTITUTE · PI CROEN, LISA A · 2006 to 2010
$5.6M
Component A: MD CADDRE: Study to Explore Early Development, SEED Phase IIIU01DD001214 · DD · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI FALLIN, M DANIELE · 2016 to 2020
$5.2M
Colorado CADDRE: A Case-Cohort StudyU10DD000180 · DD · COLORADO STATE DEPT/PUB HLTH & ENVIRONMT · PI MILLER, LISA ANN · 2006 to 2010
$5.1M
Colorado CADDRE Study to Explore Early Development CADDRE_SEED IIU01DD000750 · DD · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER · PI ROBINSON, CORDELIA · 2011 to 2015
$5.1M
NC CADDRE: Study to Explore Early Development (SEED) Phase IIU01DD000749 · DD · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI DANIELS, JULIE L · 2011 to 2015
$5.0M
California CADDRE-SEED Phase IIU01DD000748 · DD · KAISER FOUNDATION RESEARCH INSTITUTE · PI CROEN, LISA A · 2011 to 2015
Intellectual disability (ID) commonly co-occurs in children with autism. Although diagnostic criteria for ID require impairments in both cognitive and adaptive functioning, most population-based estimates of the frequency of co-occurring ID in children with autism-including studies of racial and ethnic disparities in co-occurring autism and ID-base the definition of ID solely on cognitive scores. The goal of this analysis was to examine the effect of including both cognitive and adaptive behavior criteria on estimates of co-occurring ID in a well-characterized sample of 2- to 5-year-old children with autism. Participants included 3264 children with research or community diagnoses of autism enrolled in the population-based Study to Explore Early Development (SEED) phases 1-3. Based only on Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL) composite cognitive scores, 62.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 61.1, 64.7%) of children with autism were estimated to have co-occurring ID. After incorporating Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, Second Edition (VABS-II) composite or domains criteria, co-occurring ID estimates were reduced to 38.0% (95% CI: 36.2, 39.8%) and 45.0% (95% CI: 43.1, 46.9%), respectively. The increased odds of meeting ID criteria observed for non-Hispanic (NH) Black and Hispanic children relative to NH White children when only MSEL criteria were used were substantially reduced, though not eliminated, after incorporating VABS-II criteria and adjusting for selected socioeconomic variables. This study provides evidence for the importance of considering adaptive behavior as well as socioeconomic disadvantage when describing racial and ethnic disparities in co-occurring ID in epidemiologic studies of autism.
Indexed as
Autism Spectrum DisorderAutistic DisorderChild Development Disorders, PervasiveIntellectual DisabilityAdaptation, PsychologicalChildChild, PreschoolHumansadaptive behavioradaptive functioningcognitive abilitycognitive developmentco‐occurring conditionsintellectual disabilityIQMullen scales of early learningVineland adaptive behavior scales
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.
Racial and ethnic disparities in the co-occurrence of intellectual disability and autism: Impact of incorporating measures of adaptive functioning. · full record | OpenQuestion