Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38414125›Full record

ArticleMultiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)2024

BCG vaccination and multiple sclerosis risk: A Norwegian cohort study.

Ola Nakken, Jan Harald Aarseth, Stig Wergeland, Hein Stigum, Haakon E Meyer, Trygve Holmøy

Open access · hybridAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact, top 97% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 0 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Recent Advances of Trained immunity in Macrophages.International journal of biological sciences · 2025
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Ola NakkenDepartment of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.ORCID 0000-0003-4765-0636
Jan Harald AarsethNorwegian MS Registry and Biobank, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway/Institute of clinical medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Stig WergelandNorwegian MS Registry and Biobank, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
Hein StigumNorwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway/ Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Haakon E MeyerNorwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway/ Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Trygve HolmøyDepartment of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway/Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Haukeland University Hospital · NONorwegian Institute of Public Health · NOAkershus University Hospital · NOUniversity of Oslo · NO

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionBacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination induces long-lasting effects on the adaptive and innate immune systems and prevents development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and possibly also inflammatory disease activity in multiple sclerosis (MS).

objectiveThe objective is to examine if BCG given in early adulthood decreases MS risk.

methodsFrom 791,369 (52% females) Norwegians participating in a national tuberculosis screening program from 1963 to 1975, we collected information on BCG vaccination and tuberculosis disease status. Later, MS disease was ascertained through both the Norwegian MS Registry and Biobank and the Norwegian Death Registry. We used logistic regression models to assess the relationship between BCG vaccination and MS risk.

resultsIn those BCG vaccinated, mean age at vaccination was 15.6 (standard deviation (SD) = 5.5) years. A total of 2862 (65% females) MS cases were retrieved. Overall, we found no association between MS risk and BCG vaccination. Compared to non-BCG-vaccinated individuals with no signs of tuberculosis infection, odds ratio (OR) for MS was 1.00 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.80-1.25) in the BCG-vaccinated group. In those not BCG vaccinated because of latent tuberculosis infection, the corresponding OR was 0.86 (95% CI = 0.66-1.13).

conclusionWe found no evidence of BCG vaccination or latent tuberculosis infection in young adulthood being linked to MS risk.

Indexed as

BCG VaccineMultiple SclerosisAdolescentAdultCohort StudiesFemaleHumansMaleNorwayRegistriesTuberculosisVaccinationYoung AdultBCG VaccineBacillus Calmette–Guérincohort studiesepidemiologyMultiple sclerosisrisk factorsvaccines

Identifiers

PMID38414125
PMCPMC11071596
OpenAlexW4392235685

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.