ArticleIrish veterinary journal2024
The mechanistic role of natural antimicrobials in preventing Staphylococcus aureus invasion of MAC-T cells using an in vitro mastitis model.
Article in Irish veterinary journal, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Protective effect of snail secretion filtrate in an in vitro model of mastitis.Veterinary record open · 2026Article
- Multimodal molecular mechanisms of octanoic acid (OA) against recurrent mastitis causing pathogens.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Transcriptome and m6A epitranscriptome profiling reveal CCL20 as a key mediator of inflammation in Staphylococcus aureus-induced bovine mastitis.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- Annexin A2: A Double-Edged Sword in Pathogen Infection.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Blends of Organic Acids Are Weaponizing the Host iNOS and Nitric Oxide to Reduce Infection ofAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundStarting primarily as an inflammation of the mammary gland, mastitis is frequently driven by infectious agents such as Staphylococcus aureus. Mastitis has a large economic impact globally, which includes diagnostic, treatment, and the production costs not to mention the potential milk contamination with antimicrobial residues. Currently, mastitis prevention and cure depends on intramammary infusion of antimicrobials, yet, their overuse risks engendering resistant pathogens, posing further threats to livestock.
methodsIn our study we aimed to investigate, in vitro, using bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T), the efficacy of the AuraShield an antimicrobial mixture (As) in preventing S. aureus attachment, internalisation, and inflammation. The antimicrobial mixture (As) included: 5% maltodextrin, 1% sodium chloride, 42% citric acid, 18% sodium citrate, 10% silica, 12% malic acid, 9% citrus extract and 3% olive extract (w/w). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Herein we show that As can significantly reduce both adherence and invasion of MAC-T cells by S. aureus, with no impact on cell viability at all concentrations tested (0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1%) compared with untreated controls. The anti-apoptotic effect of As was achieved by significantly reducing cellular caspase 1, 3 and 8 activities in the infected MAC-T cells. All As concentrations were proven to be subinhibitory, suggesting that Ac can reduce S. aureus virulence without bacterial killing and that the effect could be dual including a host modulation effect. In this context, we show that As can reduce the expression of S. aureus clumping factor (ClfB) and block its interaction with the host Annexin A2 (AnxA2), resulting in decreased bacterial adherence in infection of MAC-T cells. Moreover, the ability of As to block AnxA2 had a significant decreasing effect on the levels of pro inflammatory cytokine released upon S. aureus interaction with MAC-T cells.
conclusionThe results presented in this study indicate that mixtures of natural antimicrobials could potentially be considered an efficient alternative to antibiotics in treating S. aureus induced mastitis.
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