ArticleThorax2024
Greenhouse gas emissions associated with suboptimal asthma care in the UK: the SABINA healthCARe-Based envirONmental cost of treatment (CARBON) study.
Article in Thorax, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and safety of different inhaler types for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. a systematic review and meta-analysis.NPJ primary care respiratory medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Managing Inhaler Environmental Sustainability and Effective Respiratory Care: Current Evidence, Challenges, and Opportunities.Pharmaceutical medicine · 2026Article
- Use and Out-of-Pocket Costs of Inhaler Devices by Payer Type and Estimated Carbon Dioxide Emissions.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Decarbonising Respiratory Care: The Impact of a Low-Carbon Salbutamol Pressurised Metered-Dose Inhalers.Allergy · 2026Article
- Climate Change and the Switch from Pressurised Metered-Dose Inhalers to Dry Powder Inhalers: A Proportionate Balancing of Risk and Reward?Pulmonary therapy · 2026Review
- Understanding inhaler users' perceptions of climate change and inhaler carbon footprints: insights from a Canadian survey.BMJ open respiratory research · 2026Article
- Increasing propellant gas emissions from pressurized metered-dose inhalers in obstructive lung diseases in France over 11 years.Respiratory research · 2026Article
- Climate conscious pharmacy practice: a qualitative interview study with pharmacists in the context of respiratory health care.International journal of clinical pharmacy · 2026Article
- Climate change and respiratory health: implications for respiratory clinicians in primary and specialist care.NPJ primary care respiratory medicine · 2026Review
- Planetary health and environmentally sustainable healthcare: perceptions of primary care practitioners in Ireland - a qualitative study.BMJ open quality · 2025Article
- Article
- Inhaler use and their carbon footprint in Germany: a 10-year analysis (2013-2022).BMJ open respiratory research · 2025Article
- Modelling the climate impact of inhalers and mitigation strategies: a population-based study in British Columbia, Canada (2015-2032).BMJ open respiratory research · 2025Article
- Environmental sustainability in healthcare: impacts of climate change, challenges and opportunities.Singapore medical journal · 2025Review
- Carbon emissions from the increasing use of inhaled corticosteroid-LABA medications: a primary care used case from Singapore.NPJ primary care respiratory medicine · 2025Article
- Resultant greenhouse gases from the use of inhaled corticosteroid based on Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) guidelines: a primary care used case from Singapore.NPJ primary care respiratory medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Carbon Footprint Impact, of Monoclonal Antibodies for Severe Asthma, Administered in Italy.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Albuterol Reuse to Reduce the Carbon Footprint of Pulmonary Function Testing.Annals of the American Thoracic Society · 2025Article
- How to reduce carbon footprints in asthma.ERJ open research · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPoorly controlled asthma is associated with increased morbidity and healthcare resource utilisation (HCRU). Therefore, to quantify the environmental impact of asthma care, this retrospective, cohort, healthCARe-Based envirONmental cost of treatment (CARBON) study estimated greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the UK associated with the management of well-controlled versus poorly controlled asthma.
methodsPatients with current asthma (aged ≥12 years) registered with the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (2008‒2019) were included. GHG emissions, measured as carbon dioxide equivalent (CO
resultsOf the 236 506 patients analysed, 47.3% had poorly controlled asthma at baseline. Scaled to the national level, the overall carbon footprint of asthma care in the UK was 750 540 tonnes CO
conclusionsThese findings suggest that addressing the high burden of poorly controlled asthma, including curbing high SABA use and its associated risk of exacerbations, may significantly alleviate asthma care-related carbon emissions.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.