ReviewRadiology2024
Fleischner Society: Glossary of Terms for Thoracic Imaging.
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Review in Radiology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 189 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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189citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
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189 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
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- [Hypersensitivity pneumonitis : S2K guideline from a radiological perspective].Radiologie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2025Guideline
- Management of pneumonia by the emergency radiologist.European journal of radiology open · 2026Article
- ACR lung-RADS: updates and future directions.Cancer imaging : the official publication of the International Cancer Imaging Society · 2026Review
- Low-dose vs standard-dose photon-counting CT for myopathy-associated interstitial lung disease: a prospective feasibility study.European radiology · 2026Article
- Computed Tomographic Features Associated with Pulmonary Melioidosis versus Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Diabetic Patients: A Retrospective Comparative Cohort Study.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2026Article
- Trajectories of pulmonary subsolid nodules in children and adolescents: a retrospective multicenter cohort study.European radiology · 2026Article
- Evaluation of Cavitary Lung Lesions withMolecular imaging and radionuclide therapy · 2026Article
- CT Features of Sickle Cell Disease-Associated Pulmonary Hypertension.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Thermal ablation of lung metastases in children: what every paediatric radiologist should know.Pediatric radiology · 2026Review
- Comparative evaluation of generative AI models for chest radiograph report generation in the emergency department.European radiology · 2026Article
- Nomogram models integrating multiregion radiomics, quantitative computed tomography, and clinical indicators for distinguishing connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and improving the prediction of gender-age-physiology stage.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2026Article
- The Bird's Nest Sign as an Initial Presentation of Primary Pulmonary B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma With Plasmacytic Differentiation.Respirology case reports · 2026Article
- Multifocal ground-glass opacities in lung cancer: a narrative review of genomic evolution, immune ecology, and biology-informed clinical management.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Review
- Observational
- Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis-MimickingJournal of Korean medical science · 2026Article
- 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Sufficiency Is Associated With Reduced Atelectasis in Common Variable Immunodeficiency: A Cross-Sectional Study.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2026Article
- Assessment of fibrosing interstitial lung disease progression: CT visual score on radiological progressive pulmonary fibrosis criteria versus 3D-CT volume-histogram analysis.Japanese journal of radiology · 2026Article
- Clinical and Radiological Outcomes of Organising Pneumonia Secondary to COVID-19: A 2-Year Longitudinal Cohort Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
129 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Alexander A BankierFrom the Dept of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Memorial Health and University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 55 Lake Ave N, Worcester, MA 01655 (A.A.B.); Dept of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (H.M.); Dept of Pathology, Mayo Clinic Scottsdale, Scottsdale, Ariz (T.C.); Dept of Pulmonology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium (P.A.G.); Dept of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (J.M.G.); Center for Academic Medicine, Dept of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif (A.N.C.L.); Dept of Radiology, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, Colo (D.A.L.); Dept of Radiology, Meander Medical Centre Amersfoort, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (C.M.S.P.); Dept of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan (N.T.); Dept of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (W.D.T.); Dept of Radiology, Catholic University Leuven, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium (J.A.V.); Dept of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Maryland Hospital, Baltimore, Md (C.S.W.); and Dept of Radiology, NYU Langone Medical Center/Tisch Hospital, New York, NY (D.P.N.).ORCID 0000-0002-4752-6726
Heber MacMahonFrom the Dept of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Memorial Health and University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 55 Lake Ave N, Worcester, MA 01655 (A.A.B.); Dept of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (H.M.); Dept of Pathology, Mayo Clinic Scottsdale, Scottsdale, Ariz (T.C.); Dept of Pulmonology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium (P.A.G.); Dept of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (J.M.G.); Center for Academic Medicine, Dept of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif (A.N.C.L.); Dept of Radiology, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, Colo (D.A.L.); Dept of Radiology, Meander Medical Centre Amersfoort, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (C.M.S.P.); Dept of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan (N.T.); Dept of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (W.D.T.); Dept of Radiology, Catholic University Leuven, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium (J.A.V.); Dept of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Maryland Hospital, Baltimore, Md (C.S.W.); and Dept of Radiology, NYU Langone Medical Center/Tisch Hospital, New York, NY (D.P.N.).ORCID 0009-0008-8525-6596
Thomas ColbyFrom the Dept of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Memorial Health and University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 55 Lake Ave N, Worcester, MA 01655 (A.A.B.); Dept of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (H.M.); Dept of Pathology, Mayo Clinic Scottsdale, Scottsdale, Ariz (T.C.); Dept of Pulmonology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium (P.A.G.); Dept of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (J.M.G.); Center for Academic Medicine, Dept of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif (A.N.C.L.); Dept of Radiology, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, Colo (D.A.L.); Dept of Radiology, Meander Medical Centre Amersfoort, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (C.M.S.P.); Dept of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan (N.T.); Dept of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (W.D.T.); Dept of Radiology, Catholic University Leuven, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium (J.A.V.); Dept of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Maryland Hospital, Baltimore, Md (C.S.W.); and Dept of Radiology, NYU Langone Medical Center/Tisch Hospital, New York, NY (D.P.N.).ORCID 0009-0006-5662-0120
Pierre Alain GevenoisFrom the Dept of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Memorial Health and University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 55 Lake Ave N, Worcester, MA 01655 (A.A.B.); Dept of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (H.M.); Dept of Pathology, Mayo Clinic Scottsdale, Scottsdale, Ariz (T.C.); Dept of Pulmonology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium (P.A.G.); Dept of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (J.M.G.); Center for Academic Medicine, Dept of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif (A.N.C.L.); Dept of Radiology, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, Colo (D.A.L.); Dept of Radiology, Meander Medical Centre Amersfoort, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (C.M.S.P.); Dept of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan (N.T.); Dept of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (W.D.T.); Dept of Radiology, Catholic University Leuven, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium (J.A.V.); Dept of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Maryland Hospital, Baltimore, Md (C.S.W.); and Dept of Radiology, NYU Langone Medical Center/Tisch Hospital, New York, NY (D.P.N.).ORCID 0000-0001-9149-3186
Jin Mo GooFrom the Dept of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Memorial Health and University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 55 Lake Ave N, Worcester, MA 01655 (A.A.B.); Dept of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (H.M.); Dept of Pathology, Mayo Clinic Scottsdale, Scottsdale, Ariz (T.C.); Dept of Pulmonology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium (P.A.G.); Dept of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (J.M.G.); Center for Academic Medicine, Dept of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif (A.N.C.L.); Dept of Radiology, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, Colo (D.A.L.); Dept of Radiology, Meander Medical Centre Amersfoort, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (C.M.S.P.); Dept of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan (N.T.); Dept of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (W.D.T.); Dept of Radiology, Catholic University Leuven, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium (J.A.V.); Dept of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Maryland Hospital, Baltimore, Md (C.S.W.); and Dept of Radiology, NYU Langone Medical Center/Tisch Hospital, New York, NY (D.P.N.).ORCID 0000-0003-1791-7942
Ann N C LeungFrom the Dept of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Memorial Health and University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 55 Lake Ave N, Worcester, MA 01655 (A.A.B.); Dept of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (H.M.); Dept of Pathology, Mayo Clinic Scottsdale, Scottsdale, Ariz (T.C.); Dept of Pulmonology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium (P.A.G.); Dept of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (J.M.G.); Center for Academic Medicine, Dept of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif (A.N.C.L.); Dept of Radiology, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, Colo (D.A.L.); Dept of Radiology, Meander Medical Centre Amersfoort, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (C.M.S.P.); Dept of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan (N.T.); Dept of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (W.D.T.); Dept of Radiology, Catholic University Leuven, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium (J.A.V.); Dept of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Maryland Hospital, Baltimore, Md (C.S.W.); and Dept of Radiology, NYU Langone Medical Center/Tisch Hospital, New York, NY (D.P.N.).ORCID 0000-0001-7807-2643
David A LynchFrom the Dept of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Memorial Health and University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 55 Lake Ave N, Worcester, MA 01655 (A.A.B.); Dept of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (H.M.); Dept of Pathology, Mayo Clinic Scottsdale, Scottsdale, Ariz (T.C.); Dept of Pulmonology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium (P.A.G.); Dept of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (J.M.G.); Center for Academic Medicine, Dept of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif (A.N.C.L.); Dept of Radiology, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, Colo (D.A.L.); Dept of Radiology, Meander Medical Centre Amersfoort, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (C.M.S.P.); Dept of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan (N.T.); Dept of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (W.D.T.); Dept of Radiology, Catholic University Leuven, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium (J.A.V.); Dept of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Maryland Hospital, Baltimore, Md (C.S.W.); and Dept of Radiology, NYU Langone Medical Center/Tisch Hospital, New York, NY (D.P.N.).ORCID 0000-0002-6329-2325
Cornelia M Schaefer-ProkopFrom the Dept of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Memorial Health and University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 55 Lake Ave N, Worcester, MA 01655 (A.A.B.); Dept of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (H.M.); Dept of Pathology, Mayo Clinic Scottsdale, Scottsdale, Ariz (T.C.); Dept of Pulmonology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium (P.A.G.); Dept of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (J.M.G.); Center for Academic Medicine, Dept of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif (A.N.C.L.); Dept of Radiology, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, Colo (D.A.L.); Dept of Radiology, Meander Medical Centre Amersfoort, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (C.M.S.P.); Dept of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan (N.T.); Dept of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (W.D.T.); Dept of Radiology, Catholic University Leuven, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium (J.A.V.); Dept of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Maryland Hospital, Baltimore, Md (C.S.W.); and Dept of Radiology, NYU Langone Medical Center/Tisch Hospital, New York, NY (D.P.N.).ORCID 0000-0002-3394-2980
Noriyuki TomiyamaFrom the Dept of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Memorial Health and University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 55 Lake Ave N, Worcester, MA 01655 (A.A.B.); Dept of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (H.M.); Dept of Pathology, Mayo Clinic Scottsdale, Scottsdale, Ariz (T.C.); Dept of Pulmonology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium (P.A.G.); Dept of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (J.M.G.); Center for Academic Medicine, Dept of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif (A.N.C.L.); Dept of Radiology, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, Colo (D.A.L.); Dept of Radiology, Meander Medical Centre Amersfoort, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (C.M.S.P.); Dept of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan (N.T.); Dept of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (W.D.T.); Dept of Radiology, Catholic University Leuven, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium (J.A.V.); Dept of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Maryland Hospital, Baltimore, Md (C.S.W.); and Dept of Radiology, NYU Langone Medical Center/Tisch Hospital, New York, NY (D.P.N.).ORCID 0000-0001-9918-7327
William D TravisFrom the Dept of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Memorial Health and University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 55 Lake Ave N, Worcester, MA 01655 (A.A.B.); Dept of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (H.M.); Dept of Pathology, Mayo Clinic Scottsdale, Scottsdale, Ariz (T.C.); Dept of Pulmonology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium (P.A.G.); Dept of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (J.M.G.); Center for Academic Medicine, Dept of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif (A.N.C.L.); Dept of Radiology, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, Colo (D.A.L.); Dept of Radiology, Meander Medical Centre Amersfoort, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (C.M.S.P.); Dept of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan (N.T.); Dept of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (W.D.T.); Dept of Radiology, Catholic University Leuven, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium (J.A.V.); Dept of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Maryland Hospital, Baltimore, Md (C.S.W.); and Dept of Radiology, NYU Langone Medical Center/Tisch Hospital, New York, NY (D.P.N.).ORCID 0000-0003-3160-6729
Johny A VerschakelenFrom the Dept of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Memorial Health and University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 55 Lake Ave N, Worcester, MA 01655 (A.A.B.); Dept of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (H.M.); Dept of Pathology, Mayo Clinic Scottsdale, Scottsdale, Ariz (T.C.); Dept of Pulmonology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium (P.A.G.); Dept of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (J.M.G.); Center for Academic Medicine, Dept of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif (A.N.C.L.); Dept of Radiology, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, Colo (D.A.L.); Dept of Radiology, Meander Medical Centre Amersfoort, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (C.M.S.P.); Dept of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan (N.T.); Dept of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (W.D.T.); Dept of Radiology, Catholic University Leuven, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium (J.A.V.); Dept of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Maryland Hospital, Baltimore, Md (C.S.W.); and Dept of Radiology, NYU Langone Medical Center/Tisch Hospital, New York, NY (D.P.N.).ORCID 0000-0001-9573-9614
Charles S WhiteFrom the Dept of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Memorial Health and University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 55 Lake Ave N, Worcester, MA 01655 (A.A.B.); Dept of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (H.M.); Dept of Pathology, Mayo Clinic Scottsdale, Scottsdale, Ariz (T.C.); Dept of Pulmonology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium (P.A.G.); Dept of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (J.M.G.); Center for Academic Medicine, Dept of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif (A.N.C.L.); Dept of Radiology, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, Colo (D.A.L.); Dept of Radiology, Meander Medical Centre Amersfoort, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (C.M.S.P.); Dept of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan (N.T.); Dept of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (W.D.T.); Dept of Radiology, Catholic University Leuven, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium (J.A.V.); Dept of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Maryland Hospital, Baltimore, Md (C.S.W.); and Dept of Radiology, NYU Langone Medical Center/Tisch Hospital, New York, NY (D.P.N.).ORCID 0000-0002-9789-7648
David P NaidichFrom the Dept of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Memorial Health and University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 55 Lake Ave N, Worcester, MA 01655 (A.A.B.); Dept of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (H.M.); Dept of Pathology, Mayo Clinic Scottsdale, Scottsdale, Ariz (T.C.); Dept of Pulmonology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium (P.A.G.); Dept of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (J.M.G.); Center for Academic Medicine, Dept of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif (A.N.C.L.); Dept of Radiology, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, Colo (D.A.L.); Dept of Radiology, Meander Medical Centre Amersfoort, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (C.M.S.P.); Dept of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan (N.T.); Dept of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (W.D.T.); Dept of Radiology, Catholic University Leuven, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium (J.A.V.); Dept of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Maryland Hospital, Baltimore, Md (C.S.W.); and Dept of Radiology, NYU Langone Medical Center/Tisch Hospital, New York, NY (D.P.N.).ORCID 0000-0003-3751-5836
Funding
X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHYP30CA008748 · NCI · SLOAN-KETTERING INSTITUTE FOR CANCER RES · PI Nicholas D Socci · 1985 to 2026
$347.4MNCI NIH HHS P30 CA008748
Abstract
Members of the Fleischner Society have compiled a glossary of terms for thoracic imaging that replaces previous glossaries published in 1984, 1996, and 2008, respectively. The impetus to update the previous version arose from multiple considerations. These include an awareness that new terms and concepts have emerged, others have become obsolete, and the usage of some terms has either changed or become inconsistent to a degree that warranted a new definition. This latest glossary is focused on terms of clinical importance and on those whose meaning may be perceived as vague or ambiguous. As with previous versions, the aim of the present glossary is to establish standardization of terminology for thoracic radiology and, thereby, to facilitate communications between radiologists and clinicians. Moreover, the present glossary aims to contribute to a more stringent use of terminology, increasingly required for structured reporting and accurate searches in large databases. Compared with the previous version, the number of images (chest radiography and CT) in the current version has substantially increased. The authors hope that this will enhance its educational and practical value. All definitions and images are hyperlinked throughout the text. Click on each figure callout to view corresponding image. © RSNA, 2024
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CommunicationDiagnostic ImagingDatabases, FactualHumansRadiologists
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