ArticleAesthetic plastic surgery2024
Endoscopic-Assisted Forehead Augmentation with Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) Patient-Specific Implant (PSI) for Aesthetic Considerations.
Article in Aesthetic plastic surgery, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Complications After Patient-specific Implants for Facial Contouring and Augmentation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2026Article
- Polyetheretherketone for craniomaxillofacial defects: cases report, evaluation of patients' satisfaction and a systematic literature review.Maxillofacial plastic and reconstructive surgery · 2025Article
- Endoscopic-Assisted Mandibular Angle Revision Using Patient-Specific PEEK Implants: Surgical Accuracy and Aesthetic Outcomes in Over-Resected Mandibles.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2025Article
- The Biocompatibility and the Effect of Titanium and PEKK on the Osseointegration of Customized Facial Implants.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundForehead augmentation have become popular aesthetic procedures among Asians in recent years. However, the use of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) patient-specific implant (PSI) in the facial contouring surgery for aesthetic considerations is not well documented in the existing studies. The purpose of this study was to develop a novel method for forehead augmentation and assess the clinical outcomes and complications in patients who underwent forehead augmentation with PEEK PSI assisted by endoscopy.
methodsThe PEEK PSIs were fabricated using the virtual surgical planning (VSP) and the computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) for each patient, preoperatively. The implant pockets were dissected in the subperiosteal plane, and PEEK PSIs were placed in their designed position and fixed assisting by endoscopy via small incision within the hairline. All patients were asked to complete the FACE-Q questionnaire before and 6 months after the operation. Pre- and postoperative demographics, photographs, and other clinical data of patients were collected and analyzed.
results11 patients underwent forehead augmentation were enrolled in this study. All procedures were completed successfully with the help of endoscope. The average patient age was 30.63 ± 2.54 years. The mean thickness and size of PEEK PSI were 4.44 ± 1.77 mm and 38.43 ± 22.66 cm
conclusionsPEEK PSIs can be prefabricated to achieve accurate remodeling of the frontal contour with good esthetic outcomes. The endoscope provides direct and magnified vision, which allow easy access to the supraorbital rim and lateral edge of the eyebrow arch and confirming the position of the implants without damaging nerves and vessels. Endoscopic-assisted forehead augmentation with PEEK PSI is safe and effective. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these evidence-based medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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