Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38408790›Full record

Trial reportThe British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners2024

Depression follow-up monitoring with the PHQ-9: an open cluster-randomised controlled trial.

Tony Kendrick, Christopher Dowrick, Glyn Lewis, Michael Moore, Geraldine M Leydon, Adam Wa Geraghty, Gareth Griffiths, Shihua Zhu, Guiqing Lily Yao, Carl May and 19 more

Open access · hybridAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
3.1field-weighted citation impact, top 9% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 7 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Depression follow-up monitoring with the PHQ-9: open cluster-randomised controlled trial.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2024
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

29 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.

Tony KendrickSchool of Primary Care, Population Science, and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Aldermoor Health Centre, Southampton.ORCID 0000-0003-1618-9381
Christopher DowrickDepartment of Primary Care and Mental Health, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool.ORCID 0000-0002-4245-2203
Glyn LewisDivision of Psychiatry, University College London, London. Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London.ORCID 0000-0001-5205-8245
Michael MooreSchool of Primary Care, Population Science, and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Aldermoor Health Centre, Southampton.ORCID 0000-0002-5127-4509
Geraldine M LeydonSchool of Primary Care, Population Science, and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Aldermoor Health Centre, Southampton.ORCID 0000-0001-5986-3300
Adam Wa GeraghtySchool of Primary Care, Population Science, and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Aldermoor Health Centre, Southampton.ORCID 0000-0001-7984-8351
Gareth GriffithsSouthampton Clinical Trials Unit, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton.ORCID 0000-0002-9579-8021
Shihua ZhuSchool of Primary Care, Population Science, and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Aldermoor Health Centre, Southampton.ORCID 0000-0002-1430-713X
Guiqing Lily YaoLeicester Clinical Trials Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester.ORCID 0000-0002-9095-6676
Carl MayFaculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London.ORCID 0000-0002-0451-2690
Mark GabbayDepartment of Primary Care and Mental Health, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool.ORCID 0000-0002-0126-8485
Rachel Dewar-HaggartSchool of Primary Care, Population Science, and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Aldermoor Health Centre, Southampton.ORCID 0000-0002-3757-1152
Samantha WilliamsSchool of Primary Care, Population Science, and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Aldermoor Health Centre, Southampton.ORCID 0000-0001-9505-6485
Lien BuiSchool of Primary Care, Population Science, and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Aldermoor Health Centre, Southampton.ORCID 0000-0003-3434-4066
Natalie ThompsonSchool of Primary Care, Population Science, and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Aldermoor Health Centre, Southampton.ORCID 0000-0002-1880-6438
Lauren BridewellSchool of Primary Care, Population Science, and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Aldermoor Health Centre, Southampton.ORCID 0000-0001-9569-7813
Emilia TrapassoDepartment of Primary Care and Mental Health, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool.ORCID 0000-0002-7539-7204
Tasneem PatelDepartment of Primary Care and Mental Health, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool.ORCID 0000-0003-4496-7603
Molly McCarthyDepartment of Primary Care and Mental Health, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool.ORCID 0000-0002-2504-6799
Naila KhanDepartment of Primary Care and Mental Health, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool.ORCID 0000-0003-3400-7190
Helen PageDepartment of Primary Care and Mental Health, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool.ORCID 0000-0002-5781-9282
Emma CorcoranDivision of Psychiatry, University College London, London. Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London.ORCID 0000-0001-5811-4615
Jane Sungmin HahnDivision of Psychiatry, University College London, London. Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London.ORCID 0000-0002-4584-9441
Molly BirdDivision of Psychiatry, University College London, London. Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London.ORCID 0000-0003-1676-1907
Mekeda X LoganDivision of Psychiatry, University College London, London. Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London.ORCID 0000-0001-7899-7531
Brian Chi Fung ChingDivision of Psychiatry, University College London, London. Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London.ORCID 0000-0002-2179-9793
Riya TiwariSchool of Primary Care, Population Science, and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Aldermoor Health Centre, Southampton.ORCID 0000-0002-3002-3276
Anna HuntSchool of Primary Care, Population Science, and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Aldermoor Health Centre, Southampton.ORCID 0000-0002-0864-4113
Beth StuartCentre for Evaluation and Methods, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London.ORCID 0000-0001-5432-7437
University of Southampton · GBUniversity of Liverpool · GBThe London College · GBLondon School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine · GBQueen Mary University of London · GBUniversity Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust · GBUniversity of Leicester · GB

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundOutcome monitoring of depression treatment is recommended but there is a lack of evidence on patient benefit in primary care.

aimTo test monitoring depression using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) with patient feedback. DESIGN AND

settingAn open cluster-randomised controlled trial was undertaken in 141 group practices.

methodAdults with new depressive episodes were recruited through record searches and opportunistically. The exclusion criteria were as follows: dementia; psychosis; substance misuse; and suicide risk. The PHQ-9 was administered soon after diagnosis, and 10-35 days later. The primary outcome was the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) score at 12 weeks. The secondary outcomes were as follows: BDI-II at 26 weeks; Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS) and EuroQol EQ-5D-5L quality of life at 12 and 26 weeks; antidepressant treatment; mental health and social service contacts; adverse events, and Medical Interview Satisfaction Scale (MISS) over 26 weeks.

resultsIn total, 302 patients were recruited to the intervention arm and 227 to the controls. At 12 weeks, 254 (84.1%) and 199 (87.7%) were followed-up, respectively. Only 40.9% of patients in the intervention had a GP follow-up PHQ-9 recorded. There was no significant difference in BDI-II score at 12 weeks (mean difference -0.46; 95% confidence interval [CI] = -2.16 to 1.26; adjusted for baseline depression, baseline anxiety, sociodemographic factors, and clustering by practice). EQ-5D-5L quality-of-life scores were higher in the intervention arm at 26 weeks (adjusted mean difference 0.053; 95% CI = 0.013 to 0.093. A clinically significant difference in depression at 26 weeks could not be ruled out. No significant differences were found in social functioning, adverse events, or satisfaction. In a per-protocol analysis, antidepressant use and mental health contacts were significantly greater in patients in the intervention arm with a recorded follow-up PHQ-9 (

conclusionNo evidence was found of improved depression outcome at 12 weeks from monitoring. The findings of possible benefits over 26 weeks warrant replication, investigating possible mechanisms, preferably with automated delivery of monitoring and more instructive feedback.

Indexed as

Quality of LifeAdultAntidepressive AgentsDepressionFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansMaleMiddle AgedPatient Health QuestionnairePrimary Health CarePsychiatric Status Rating ScalesAntidepressive Agentsdepressionmental healthmood disorderspatient reported outcome measuresprimary health care

Identifiers

PMID38408790
PMCPMC11221421
OpenAlexW4392157751

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.