ArticleEmerging infectious diseases2024
Wastewater Surveillance for Identifying SARS-CoV-2 Infections in Long-Term Care Facilities, Kentucky, USA, 2021-2022.
Article in Emerging infectious diseases, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Detecting and supporting COVID-19 outbreak response in a small-scale nursing home through passive wastewater surveillance of SARS-CoV-2.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2026Article
- Possibilities and Limitations for Conducting Wastewater and Environmental Surveillance in Refugee Camps Worldwide.American journal of public health · 2026Article
- Site-specific wastewater-based surveillance in early detection of COVID-19 new cases and prediction of mass testing outcomes in long-term care facilities.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Healthcare wastewater surveillance: methodological considerations for sampling, feasibility, and implementation.Journal of water and health · 2026Article
- Skilled nursing facility wastewater surveillance: a SARS-CoV-2 and antimicrobial resistance detection pilot study.Journal of water and health · 2025Article
- Wastewater surveillance in the military: how deployed members of the armed forces can monitor outbreaks on military vessels.Frontiers in epidemiology · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Persons living in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) were disproportionately affected by COVID-19. We used wastewater surveillance to detect SARS-CoV-2 infection in this setting by collecting and testing 24-hour composite wastewater samples 2-4 times weekly at 6 LTCFs in Kentucky, USA, during March 2021-February 2022. The LTCFs routinely tested staff and symptomatic and exposed residents for SARS-CoV-2 using rapid antigen tests. Of 780 wastewater samples analyzed, 22% (n = 173) had detectable SARS-CoV-2 RNA. The LTCFs reported 161 positive (of 16,905) SARS-CoV-2 clinical tests. The wastewater SARS-CoV-2 signal showed variable correlation with clinical test data; we observed the strongest correlations in the LTCFs with the most positive clinical tests (n = 45 and n = 58). Wastewater surveillance was 48% sensitive and 80% specific in identifying SARS-CoV-2 infections found on clinical testing, which was limited by frequency, coverage, and rapid antigen test performance.
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