ReviewInternational journal of nanomedicine2024
Microstructure Formation and Characterization of Long-Acting Injectable Microspheres: The Gateway to Fully Controlled Drug Release Pattern.
Review in International journal of nanomedicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Porosity-engineered long-acting protopanaxadiol microspheres prevent CDK4/6 inhibitor-induced myelosuppression.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Microfluidic Production of Dexamethasone-Loaded PLGA Microparticles: Dynamic Solvent Extraction Improves Process Robustness During the Droplet-to-Particle Transition.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Exploration of Development Parameters for IgG Microspheres Using an Automated Platform for High-Throughput Formulation Screening.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Deep-Learning-Enabled SEM Image Segmentation Coupled with Laser Confocal Raman Microscopy: Elucidating Microstructure and Drug Spatial Distribution in Leuprorelin Acetate Microspheres.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Redefining long-acting injectables: the emerging role of extracellular vesicles in sustained drug delivery.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Review
- Gelatin-Polyvinyl Alcohol Microspheres for Controlled and Sustained Release of BMP-2 and VEGF Enhance Osteogenic and Angiogenic Cell Differentiation.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- PLGA nanoparticles loaded with recombinant antimicrobial protein PIP significantly improves the survival state and pathological damage caused by ETEC O8-induced sepsis in mice.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- PLGA-microspheres carried circ_0003251 alleviate intervertebral disc degeneration via the miR-637/AKT1 axis.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- A review of research methods for elucidating the microstructure of pharmaceutical preparations.Journal of pharmaceutical analysis · 2025Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Long-acting injectable microspheres have been on the market for more than three decades, but if calculated on the brand name, only 12 products have been approved by the FDA due to numerous challenges in achieving a fully controllable drug release pattern. Recently, more and more researches on the critical factors that determine the release kinetics of microspheres shifted from evaluating the typical physicochemical properties to exploring the microstructure. The microstructure of microspheres mainly includes the spatial distribution and the dispersed state of drug, PLGA and pores, which has been considered as one of the most important characteristics of microspheres, especially when comparative characterization of the microstructure (Q3) has been recommended by the FDA for the bioequivalence assessment. This review extracted the main variables affecting the microstructure formation from microsphere formulation compositions and preparation processes and highlighted the latest advances in microstructure characterization techniques. The further understanding of the microsphere microstructure has significant reference value for the development of long-acting injectable microspheres, particularly for the development of the generic microspheres.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.