ArticleEFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority2024
Antimicrobial consumption and resistance in bacteria from humans and food-producing animals: Fourth joint inter-agency report on integrated analysis of antimicrobial agent consumption and occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria from humans and food-producing animals in the EU/EEA JIACRA IV - 2019-2021.
Article in EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 65 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
65 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Understanding how veterinarians' knowledge, attitudes, and practices influence antibiotic prescription: a systematic review of survey studies.BMC veterinary research · 2025Pooled it
- Concentrations of ciprofloxacin in food defined as safe alter the gut microbiome and ciprofloxacin susceptibility in humans: an interventional clinical study.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Determinants of non-adherence to antibiotic treatment guidelines in hospitalized adults with suspected community-acquired pneumonia: a prospective study.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2024Trial
- Understaffing and overprescribing: a register study on the role of locum physicians in antibiotic prescribing patterns in primary care in Northern Sweden.Scandinavian journal of primary health care · 2026Article
- Incorporating Sales Value into Weight-Based Veterinary Antimicrobial Use Surveillance: An Analysis of Veterinary Antimicrobial Sales Data in Japan, 2011-2024.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Phenotypic antimicrobial resistance patterns of Escherichia coli isolates from healthy chicken and turkey flocks in Hungary differ across poultry production systems.Poultry science · 2026Article
- Whole-Genome Sequencing ofMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-ProducingAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Prevalence and molecular characteristics of colistin-resistant Escherichia coli in livestock and fresh meat detected by a selective enrichment method.Veterinary research communications · 2026Article
- Retrospective Study on Antimicrobial Susceptibility ofMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- Comparative Trends in Human and Veterinary Antimicrobial Consumption in the European Union, 2019-2024.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Bacterial Pathogens Associated with Acute Diarrheal Disease: A Three-Year Retrospective Study in a Romanian Tertiary-Care Hospital.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Intestinal colonization of weaner pigs by extended-spectrum-β-lactamase-encoding Escherichia coli classified for differential host-association using a phylogenetics-based approach.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Prevalence of antibiotic residues in commercial poultry feed and meat from industrial and backyard poultry in Iquitos, Perú.IJID one health · 2026Article
- Environmental Biofilms in Livestock Production Systems: Reservoirs of Pathogens and Antimicrobial Resistance.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Mind the governance gap: a one health scoping review of national AMR performance indicators.npj antimicrobials and resistance · 2026Article
- [Trends of antibiotic use and resistance in livestock from 2014 to 2024 using the example of fattening turkeys and broiler chickens as well as the effects on humans].Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz · 2026Article
- Co-Resistance Structure and Multidrug Resistance-Associated Antimicrobials inAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Antibacterial use in Norwegian horses: a nationwide registry-based cross-sectional study.BMC veterinary research · 2026Article
- Observational Study on Antimicrobial Treatment Frequencies and Culling Rates in a Cohort of Dairy Herds in Lodi Province (Italy).Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The fourth joint inter-agency report on integrated analysis of antimicrobial consumption (AMC) and the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacteria from humans and food-producing animals (JIACRA) addressed data obtained by the Agencies' EU-wide surveillance networks for 2019-2021. The analysis also sought to identify whether significant trends in AMR and AMC were concomitant over 2014-2021. AMC in both human and animal sectors, expressed in mg/kg of estimated biomass, was compared at country and European level. In 2021, the total AMC was assessed at 125.0 mg/kg of biomass for humans (28 EU/EEA countries, range 44.3-160.1) and 92.6 mg/kg of biomass for food-producing animals (29 EU/EEA countries, range 2.5-296.5). Between 2014 and 2021, total AMC in food-producing animals decreased by 44%, while in humans, it remained relatively stable. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to study associations between AMC and AMR for selected combinations of bacteria and antimicrobials. Positive associations between consumption of certain antimicrobials and resistance to those substances in bacteria from both humans and food-producing animals were observed. For certain combinations of bacteria and antimicrobials, AMR in bacteria from humans was associated with AMR in bacteria from food-producing animals which, in turn, was related to AMC in animals. The relative strength of these associations differed markedly between antimicrobial class, microorganism and sector. For certain antimicrobials, statistically significant decreasing trends in AMC and AMR were concomitant for food-producing animals and humans in several countries over 2014-2021. Similarly, a proportion of countries that significantly reduced total AMC also registered increasing susceptibility to antimicrobials in indicator
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