ArticleSleep health2024
The association between Superwoman schema and subjective sleep quality among Black women.
Article in Sleep health, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Lifestyle patterns and sleep disturbance among Black breast cancer survivors: results from the Women's Circle of Health Follow-Up Study.The oncologist · 2026Article
- Article
- Gendered Racial Microaggressions and Black Women's Mental Health: Does Life Course Stage Matter?Sociology of race and ethnicity (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2026Article
- Validating the factor structure of the superwoman schema instrument in a cohort of black women with SLE.Lupus · 2026Article
- Racial Differences in Self-Reported Sleep Continuity Disturbance, Problem Endorsement, and Daytime Dysfunction Among Black and White Non-Hispanic Adults in the United States.Nature and science of sleep · 2026Article
- Sleep health in black families: bedtime routines and sleep patterns among young children.Frontiers in sleep · 2026Article
- Study protocol for Project SHINE (Sleep Health INitiative for Equity): A community-based pilot RCT to promote sleep and physical activity among Black/African American adults.Contemporary clinical trials communications · 2025Article
- Superwoman schema and metabolic syndrome in Black adolescent girls.Journal of behavioral medicine · 2025Article
- Gendered racial microaggressions, self-silencing, and disordered eating in Black women.Body image · 2025Article
- Superwoman schema and arterial stiffness in Black American women: assessing the role of environmental mastery.Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesSimilar to women overall, Black women are socialized to be communal and "self-sacrificing," but unlike women from other racial/ethnic backgrounds, Black women are also socialized to be "strong" and "invulnerable." This phenomenon is labeled Superwoman schema. This study examined associations between Superwoman schema endorsement and subjective sleep quality.
methodsParticipants included 405 Black women (ages 30-46). Superwoman schema was measured using a 35-item scale capturing five dimensions: obligation to present strength, suppress emotions, resistance to vulnerability, motivation to succeed, and obligation to help others. Superwoman schema overall and the five dimensions/subscales were analyzed. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to investigate overall subjective sleep quality (range: 0-19), poor sleep quality (PSQI >5), and specific sleep domains (eg, sleep duration, sleep disturbances). We fit linear and binary logistic regression models, adjusting for health-related and sociodemographic factors.
resultsSuperwoman schema dimension obligation to help others was associated with lower overall subjective sleep quality (β: .81, 95%CI=0.29, 1.32) and poor sleep quality (OR: 1.55, 95%CI=1.10, 2.19), as well as bad subjective sleep quality (OR: 1.76, 95%CI=1.18, 2.66), sleep disturbances (β: .73, 95%CI =0.07, 1.41), and daytime sleepiness (OR: 2.01, 95%CI=1.25, 3.26). Suppress emotions (OR: 1.41, 95%CI=1.01, 1.99) was associated with poor subjective sleep quality. Superwoman schema overall was associated with daytime sleepiness (OR: 2.01, 95%CI=1.06, 3.82).
conclusionSuperwoman schema endorsement, especially obligation to help others and suppress emotions, may be important psychosocial risk factors for Black women's sleep health.
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