SynthesisAmerican journal of epidemiology2024
Exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and breast cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies.
Synthesis in American journal of epidemiology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Supporting informed decisions about breast cancer screening in communities with known environmental contamination: a pre-post study.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2025Trial
- Serum perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) concentrations and associations with mammographic density in postmenopausal women.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2026Article
- Article
- Toxicological Effects and Health Impacts of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Humans.Toxics · 2026Review
- Spatial Patterns of Breast Cancer Risk Associated with Industrial and Environmental Pollutants: A Scoping Review.Toxics · 2026Review
- Food packaging-derived endocrine disruptors and breast cancer nutrition: dietary exposure, estrogen signaling, and survivorship implications.Frontiers in public health · 2026Review
- Associations between legacy and emerging per and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) bioaccumulation and clinicopathological characteristics in breast cancer.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Serum per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in relation to circulating thyroxine levels and thyroid cancer risk: results from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial cohort.Environment international · 2026Article
- SLC6A14 Drives Mitochondrial Fusion and Oxidative Phosphorylation to Promote Cancer Stemness and Early-Onset of Breast Cancer.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Serum concentrations of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances and risk of ovarian cancer.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2025Article
- Associations of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) with terminal ductal lobular unit involution of the normal breast.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2025Article
- Association of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances with Pan-Cancers Associated with Sex Hormones.Toxics · 2025Article
- Associations between per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and county-level cancer incidence between 2016 and 2021 and incident cancer burden attributable to PFAS in drinking water in the United States.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2025Article
- Plasma perfluoroalkyl substances and breast cancer risk in Brazilian women: a case-control study.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2025Article
- PFAS Levels, Early Life Factors, and Mammographic Breast Density in Premenopausal Women.Environmental health perspectives · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
We synthesized the epidemiologic evidence on the associations between per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) exposure and breast cancer risk. Our systematic review and meta-analysis included 18 and 11 articles, respectively, covering studies up to February 2023. The summary relative risks (RRs) estimated by random-effects meta-analyses did not support an association between PFAS and overall breast cancer risk (eg, a natural log (ln)-unit increase in serum/plasma concentrations [ng/mL] for perfluorooctanoate [PFOA] RR = 0.95; 95% CI, 0.77-1.18; perfluorooctane sulfonate [PFOS] RR = 0.98; 95% CI, 0.87-1.11). However, when limiting to studies that assessed exposures prior to a breast cancer diagnosis, we observed a positive association with PFOA (a ln-unit increase, RR = 1.16; 95% CI, 0.96-1.40). We also observed some possible heterogeneous associations by tumor estrogen and progesterone receptor status among postmenopausal breast cancer cases. No meaningful changes were observed after excluding the studies with high risk of bias (Tier 3). Based on the evaluation tool developed by the National Toxicology Program, given the heterogeneity across studies and the variability in timing of exposure measurements, the epidemiologic evidence needed to determine the association between PFAS exposure and breast cancer remains inadequate. Our findings support the need for future studies with improved study designs to determine this association.
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