ArticleViruses2024
IE1 of Human Cytomegalovirus Inhibits Necroptotic Cell Death via Direct and Indirect Modulation of the Necrosome Complex.
Article in Viruses, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of emerging and re-emerging viral infections on periodontitis progression.Archives of microbiology · 2025Review
- Mammalian innate antiviral defenses: beyond interferon.Journal of virology · 2025Review
- The Immunoregulatory Mechanisms of Human Cytomegalovirus from Primary Infection to Reactivation.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The TNFR-RIPK1/RIPK3 signalling pathway mediates the effect of lanthanum on necroptosis of nerve cells.Open life sciences · 2025Article
- The battle between host antiviral innate immunity and immune evasion by cytomegalovirus.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2024Review
- Liver cirrhosis: current status and treatment options using western or traditional Chinese medicine.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Programmed necrosis is an integral part of intrinsic immunity, serving to combat invading pathogens and restricting viral dissemination. The orchestration of necroptosis relies on a precise interplay within the necrosome complex, which consists of RIPK1, RIPK3 and MLKL. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) has been found to counteract the execution of necroptosis during infection. In this study, we identify the immediate-early 1 (IE1) protein as a key antagonist of necroptosis during HCMV infection. Infection data obtained in a necroptosis-sensitive cell culture system revealed a robust regulation of post-translational modifications (PTMs) of the necrosome complex as well as the importance of IE1 expression for an effective counteraction of necroptosis. Interaction analyses unveiled an association of IE1 and RIPK3, which occurs in an RHIM-domain independent manner. We propose that this interaction manipulates the PTMs of RIPK3 by promoting its ubiquitination. Furthermore, IE1 was found to exert an indirect activity by modulating the levels of MLKL via antagonizing its interferon-mediated upregulation. Overall, we claim that IE1 performs a broad modulation of innate immune signaling to impede the execution of necroptotic cell death, thereby generating a favorable environment for efficient viral replication.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.