ReviewPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)2024
Strategies to Improve Cannabidiol Bioavailability and Drug Delivery.
Review in Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effects of oral cannabidiol supplementation on blood pressure in adults: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials.Journal of cannabis research · 2026Pooled it
- Exploring the neuroprotective effects and underlying mechanisms of medical cannabinoids in ischemic stroke: a systematic meta-analysis with bibliometric mapping of cerebral ischemia research.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Pooled it
- Comparative Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Cannabidiol in a Powder Formulation, CBtruCNS drugs · 2026Trial
- Cannabidiol and Alcohol Use Disorders: An Updated Review of Therapeutic Potential.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2026Review
- Sublingual Administration for Pain Control: Pharmacology, Clinical Applications and Future Directions.CNS drugs · 2026Review
- Whole-Cell Transformation of Cannabidiol by Selected Filamentous Fungi into Novel Polar Derivatives.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Sodium Stearate-Assisted Optimization of a Cannabidiol Dry Powder Inhaler for Enhanced Dissolution and Aerosol Performance.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Lipid Nanoparticles with Stiripentol and Cannabidiol Oil: From Rational Optimization to Preclinical Characterization.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Effect of Microfluidization Technique on the Physicochemical Characteristics of Cannabidiol Nanoemulsions.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Cannabinoid Oral Mucosal Delivery: Approaches to Formulation, Fabrication, and Permeation Enhancement.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2026Review
- Cannabinoid Therapies in Less-Common Disorders: Clinical Evidence and Formulation Strategies.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Cannabidiol: Pharmaceutical formulations and biomedical applications.Iranian journal of basic medical sciences · 2026Review
- Formulation-specific dose-response in the serum proteome of healthy dogs following cannabidiol administration.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- ComparativeFrontiers in toxicology · 2026Article
- Development and Characterization of a High-CBD Cannabis Extract Nanoemulsion for Oral Mucosal Delivery.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Innovative Strategies to Enhance the Bioavailability of Cannabidiol: Nanotechnology and Advanced Delivery Systems.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Metabolism of Cannabidiol in Respiratory-Associated Cells and HepG2-Derived Cells and Molecular Docking of Cannabidiol and Its Metabolites with CYP Enzymes and Cannabinoid Receptors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Phytocannabinoids and Nanotechnology in Lung Cancer: A Review of Therapeutic Strategies with a Focus on Halloysite Nanotubes.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- A Novel Glucosamine-Based Cannabidiol Complex Based on Intermolecular Bonding with Improved Water Solubility.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Enhancing cannabinoid bioavailability: a crossover study comparing a novel self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system and a commercial oil-based formulation.Journal of cannabis research · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The poor physicochemical properties of cannabidiol (CBD) hamper its clinical development. The aim of this review was to examine the literature to identify novel oral products and delivery strategies for CBD, while assessing their clinical implications and translatability. Evaluation of the published literature revealed that oral CBD strategies are primarily focused on lipid-based and emulsion solutions or encapsulations, which improve the overall pharmacokinetics (PK) of CBD. Some emulsion formulations demonstrate more rapid systemic delivery. Variability in the PK effects of different oral CBD products is apparent across species. Several novel administration routes exist for CBD delivery that may offer promise for specific indications. For example, intranasal administration and inhalation allow quick delivery of CBD to the plasma and the brain, whereas transdermal and transmucosal administration routes deliver CBD systemically more slowly. There are limited but promising data on novel delivery routes such as intramuscular and subcutaneous. Very limited data show that CBD is generally well distributed across tissues and that some CBD products enable increased delivery of CBD to different brain regions. However, evidence is limited regarding whether changes in CBD PK profiles and tissue distribution equate to superior therapeutic efficacy across indications and whether specific CBD products might be suited to particular indications.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.