ArticlePharmaceutics2024
Imiquimod Solubility in Different Solvents: An Interpretative Approach.
Article in Pharmaceutics, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Resiquimod-loaded magnetic nanoparticles reprogram macrophages and induce oxidative cytotoxicity against triple-negative breast cancer cells.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2026Article
- Imiquimod-Loaded Phospholipid-Free Small Unilamellar Vesicles Activate the Tumor Immune Microenvironment to Treat Liver Cancer and Liver Metastases.Advanced healthcare materials · 2025Article
- Local Chemotherapy of Skin Pre-Neoplastic Lesions and Malignancies from the Perspective of Current Pharmaceutics.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Often neglected steps in transforming drug solubility from single measurement in pure water to physiologically-appropriate solubility-pH.ADMET & DMPK · 2025Article
- Imiquimod-Loaded Nanosystem for Treatment Human Papillomavirus-Induced Lesions.Pharmaceutics · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Imiquimod (IMQ) has been successfully formulated to date mainly as semi-solid lipophilic formulations for topical application. In this study, we investigated the solubility of IMQ in solvents suitable for developing innovative formulations in the form of powder obtained, for instance, by spray drying; thus, water, ethanol, methanol, acetone, acetonitrile, and dimethyl sulfoxide were tested at different temperatures. Temperature variations, stirring intensity, and the contact time between IMQ and the solvent greatly affected the evaluation of IMQ equilibrium solubility. The attainment of the solid-liquid equilibrium requires 13 days starting from solid IMQ and 2 days from a cooled-down supersaturated IMQ solution. A correlation between IMQ solubility and the solubility parameters of solvents was not found. IMQ solutions in water, ethanol, methanol, acetonitrile, and dimethyl sulfoxide were neither ideal nor regular. The Scatchard-Hildebrand equation does not apply to IMQ solutions because of association phenomena due to intermolecular hydrogen bonds and/or π-stacking, as supported by the hyperchromic effect that was very pronounced in highly polar solvents, such as water, with the increase in temperature. Finally, IMQ solubility values measured in acetone cannot be considered reliable due to the reaction with the solvent, leading to the formation of new molecules.
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Registered trials
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