ArticlePharmaceutics2024
Saturated Fatty Acid Emulsions Open the Blood-Brain Barrier and Promote Drug Delivery in Rat Brains.
Article in Pharmaceutics, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- Changes in MoCA scores with sequential administration of Trikatu Cūrṇa and Brahmi Ghṛta in mild cognitive impairment: an exploratory single-arm clinical study.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Trial
- Bridging the Gap: Harnessing Phytochemical-Loaded Nanocarriers for Enhanced Epilepsy Treatment.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Advancements in Ambient Ionisation Mass Spectrometry in 2024: An Annual Review.Analytical science advances · 2025Review
- The interactions between energy homeostasis and neurovascular plasticity.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2024Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
We performed this study to evaluate whether saturated fatty acid (SFA) emulsions affect the BBB and determine the duration of BBB opening, thereby promoting drug delivery to the brain. Butyric, valeric, caproic, enanthic, and caprylic acid emulsions were infused into the carotid artery of the rat model. We evaluated the BBB opening and drug delivery over time. The trypan blue and doxorubicin delivery studies were repeated from 30 min to 6 h. In the 1 h rats in each group, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was performed to morphologically evaluate tight junctions, and the delivery of temozolomide was assessed by desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The ipsilateral hemisphere was positive for trypan blue staining in all the five SFA emulsion groups. In the valeric, enanthic, and caprylic acid emulsion groups, RGB ratios were significantly higher at 30 min and decreased thereafter. Doxorubicin delivery increased in all emulsion groups at all time points. Tight junctions were observed to be open in all groups. TMZ delivery was significantly higher in the ipsilateral hemisphere. In conclusion, intra-arterially infused SFA emulsions opened the BBB and promoted drug delivery within 30 min, which decreased thereafter. Therefore, SFA emulsions may aid BBB research and promote drug delivery to the brain.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.