ReviewCancers2024
Mechanisms of Resistance and Therapeutic Perspectives in Immunotherapy for Advanced Head and Neck Cancers.
Review in Cancers, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Redefining oropharyngeal cancer in the HPV era: integrating precision medicine and immunotherapeutic frontiers.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Review
- HOXC6 overexpression stimulates cell migration and correlates with poor prognosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2026Article
- Anlotinib as Third-Line or Later Therapy in Recurrent or Metastatic Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Real-World Efficacy and Safety Outcomes.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Article
- Article
- Novel Immunotherapeutic Approaches for Patients with Head and Neck Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma.Oncology research · 2026Review
- Shaping next decade of systemic therapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: where do we go next?Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- CDCSI: a machine learning-based interpretable cell death and cellular senescence index for prognosis improvement, immune landscape characterization, and therapeutic response prediction in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Understanding the Tumor Microenvironment and Therapy Resistance in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.Cells · 2025Review
- Review
- High VCP/p97 expression associates with low PD-L1 TPS in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Review
- Exploring Metabolic and Immunological Biomarkers for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Potential Targets for Precision Therapy.Biology · 2025Review
- Ferroptosis and Nrf2 Signaling in Head and Neck Cancer: Resistance Mechanisms and Therapeutic Prospects.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Molecular Targets for Pharmacotherapy of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
- Epigenetic Treatment Alters Immune-Related Gene Signatures to Increase the Sensitivity of Anti PD-L1 Drugs.Cancers · 2025Article
- The Role of Monoclonal Antibodies as Therapeutics in HPV-Related Head and Neck Cancers: An Updated Review.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- A novel mast cell marker gene-related prognostic signature to predict prognosis and reveal the immune landscape in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies to Overcome Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Resistance in Melanoma, Head and Neck, and Triple-Negative Breast Cancers.Journal of cellular immunology · 2025Article
- Mapping immunotherapy potential: spatial transcriptomics in the unraveling of tumor-immune microenvironments in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Unraveling the immune evasion mechanisms in the tumor microenvironment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immunotherapy is emerging as an effective treatment for advanced head and neck cancers and interest in this treatment modality has led to rapid expansion of this research. Pembrolizumab and nivolumab, monoclonal antibodies directed against the programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) receptor, are US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)- and European Medical Agency (EMA)-approved immunotherapies for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Resistance to immunotherapy is common, with about 60% of patients with recurrent or metastatic HNSCC not responding to immunotherapy and only 20-30% of patients without disease progression in the long term. Overcoming resistance to immunotherapy is therefore essential for augmenting the effectiveness of immunotherapy in HNSCC. This review details the innate and adaptive mechanisms by which head and neck cancers can become resistant to immunotherapeutic agents, biomarkers that can be used for immunotherapy patient selection, as well as other factors of the tumor microenvironment correlated with therapeutic response and prognosis. Numerous combinations and novel immunotherapies are currently being trialed, based on better understood immune evasion mechanisms. These potential treatments hold the promise of overcoming resistance to immunotherapy in head and neck cancers.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.