ArticleVaccine2024
Immune responses to typhoid conjugate vaccine in a two dose schedule among Nepalese children <2 years of age.
Article in Vaccine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparative immune response of Typbar TCV® (typhoid conjugate vaccine) in extremes of age: An Indian experience.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Trial
- Development of an 8-valentFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Immunogenicity and reactogenicity of a booster dose of a typhoid conjugate vaccine (TCV) in Malawian pre-school children.EClinicalMedicine · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
25 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPreviously, the Vi-typhoid conjugate vaccine (Vi-TT) was found to be highly efficacious in Nepalese children under 16 years of age. We assessed the immunogenicity of Vi-TT at 9 and 12 months of age and response to a booster dose at 15 months of age.
methodsInfants were recruited at Patan Hospital, Kathmandu and received an initial dose of Vi-TT at 9 or 12 months of age with a booster dose at 15 months of age. Blood was taken at four timepoints, and antibody titres were measured using a commercial ELISA kit. The primary study outcome was seroconversion (4-fold rise in antibody titre) of IgG one month after both the doses.
findingsFifty children were recruited to each study group.Some visits were disrupted by the COVID19 pandemic and occurred out of protocol windows.Both the study groups attained 100 % IgG seroconversion after the initial dose. IgG seroconversion in the 9-month group was significantly higher than in the 12-month group (68.42 % vs 25.8 %, p < 0.001). Among individuals who attended visits per protocol, IgG seroconversion after the first dose occurred in 100 % of individuals (n = 27/27 in 9-month and n = 32/32 in 12-month group). However, seroconversion rates after the second dose were 80 % in the 9-month and 0 % in the shorter dose-interval 12-month group (p < 0.001) (n = 16/20 and n = 0/8, respectively).
interpretationVi-TT is highly immunogenic at both 9 and 12 months of age. Stronger response to a booster in the 9-month group is likely due to the longer interval between doses.
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