ArticleThe British journal of surgery2024
Immune cell infiltrate in ductal carcinoma in situ and the risk of dying from breast cancer: case-control study.
Article in The British journal of surgery, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- Transcriptome predictors of second breast events in ductal carcinoma in situ: a case‒control study including Black and White women.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2026Article
- Stromal collagen IV expression and risk of breast cancer death in ductal carcinoma in situ.BJC reports · 2025Article
- DCIS Progression and the Tumor Microenvironment: Molecular Insights and Prognostic Challenges.Cancers · 2025Review
- Correlation Between Ki-67 Expression and Tumor Grade in Breast Cancer: A Cross-Sectional Study.Cureus · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundStudies identifying risk factors for death from breast cancer after ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) are rare. In this retrospective nested case-control study, clinicopathological factors in women treated for DCIS and who died from breast cancer were compared with those of patients with DCIS who were free from metastatic disease.
methodsThe study included patients registered with DCIS without invasive carcinoma in Sweden between 1992 and 2012. This cohort was linked to the National Cause of Death Registry. Of 6964 women with DCIS, 96 were registered with breast cancer as cause of death (cases). For each case, up to four controls (318; women with DCIS, alive and without metastatic breast cancer at the time of death of the corresponding case) were selected randomly by incidence density sampling. Whole slides of tumour tissue were evaluated for DCIS grade, comedo necrosis, and intensity of periductal lymphocytic infiltrate. Composition of the immune cell infiltrate, expression of oestrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, and proliferation marker Ki-67 were scored on tissue microarrays. Clinical information was obtained from medical records. Information on date, site, and histological characteristics of local and distant recurrences was obtained from medical records for both cases and controls.
resultsTumour tissue was analysed from 65 cases and 195 controls. Intense periductal lymphocytic infiltrate around DCIS was associated with an increased risk of later dying from breast cancer (OR 2.21. 95% c.i. 1.01 to 4.84). Tumours with more intense lymphocytic infiltrate had a lower T cell/B cell ratio. None of the other biomarkers correlated with increased risk of breast cancer death.
conclusionThe immune response to DCIS may influence the risk of dying from breast cancer.
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Registered trials
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