Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38394096›Full record

ArticlePloS one2024

Farmer preference for macadamia varieties and constraints to production in Malawi.

Emmanuel Junior Zuza, Yoseph N Araya, Kadmiel Maseyk, Shonil Bhagwat, Rick L Brandenburg, Andrew Emmott, Will Rawes, Patrick Phiri, Ken Mkengala, Edwin Kenamu

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Emmanuel Junior ZuzaSchool of Agricultural Science and Practice, Royal Agricultural University, Cirencester, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0001-5706-8637
Yoseph N ArayaSchool of Environment, Earth and Ecosystem Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom.
Kadmiel MaseykSchool of Environment, Earth and Ecosystem Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom.
Shonil BhagwatSchool of Social Sciences and Global Studies, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom.
Rick L BrandenburgDepartment of Entomology and Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America.
Andrew EmmottThe Neno Macadamia Trust, Bedford, United Kingdom.
Will RawesThe Neno Macadamia Trust, Bedford, United Kingdom.
Patrick PhiriSchool of Environmental Design and Horticulture, Writtle University College, Chelmsford, United Kingdom.
Ken MkengalaHighlands Macadamia Cooperative Union Limited, Ntchisi, Malawi.
Edwin KenamuDepartment of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-0346-0515

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Macadamia nuts constitute a vital component of both nutrition and livelihoods for smallholder producers in Malawi. We conducted a comprehensive mixed-methods study, combining qualitative and quantitative analyses, to explore varietal preferences and production challenges among these farmers. Leveraging cross-sectional data from 144 members of the Highlands Macadamia Cooperative Union Limited, our study underscores several significant findings. Our findings reveal that the majority of smallholder macadamia farmers (62%) are aged over 50, with farming as their primary occupation. Varied preferences are driven by yield-related traits, including high yield potential (38%), nut quality (29%), and extended flowering patterns (15%). Among the macadamia varieties, the top five choices, grown by over half of the farmers, include HAES 660 (18%), 800 (10%), 791 (9%), 816 (8%), and 246 (7%). Additionally, our study identifies five primary constraints faced by smallholder macadamia farmers: insect pests (81%), diseases (34%), limited market access (33%), wind damage (25%), and inadequate agricultural advisory services (17%). Based on these findings, we propose two policy recommendations to enhance smallholder macadamia production and productivity in Malawi and other regions. Specifically, we advocate for informed breeding programs that align with farmer preferences to promote greater adoption of macadamia varieties. Additionally, we emphasize the crucial role of the Malawian government in the macadamia value chain, suggesting active participation in providing extension services and marketing support, akin to its support for other cash crops.

Indexed as

FarmersMacadamiaCross-Sectional StudiesHumansMalawiMiddle AgedPlant Breeding

Identifiers

PMID38394096
PMCPMC10889898

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.