ArticleJournal of clinical immunology2024
Thymic Atrophy and Immune Dysregulation in Infants with Complex Congenital Heart Disease.
Article in Journal of clinical immunology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Analysis of Human Thymopoiesis Reveals Rapid Postnatal Remodeling of Thymocytes Within the First 3 Months of Life.European journal of immunology · 2026Article
- Demographic and histopathological evaluation of thymus in 1173 cases of cyanotic and acyanotic congenital heart diseases.BMC pediatrics · 2026Article
- Sustained Effector Functions and Memory Accumulation of αβ T Cells in Children With Congenital Heart Disease.European journal of immunology · 2026Article
- The Impact of Acute COVID-19 Infection and Long COVID in Patients with Congenital Heart Disease: A Longitudinal Study by the German National Register for Congenital Heart Disease.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Prevention of Respiratory Infections in Children with Congenital Heart Disease: Current Evidence and Clinical Strategies.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Immunoinflammation and post-translational modifications in the aging process.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- The global, regional, and national patterns of change in the burden of congenital birth defects, 1990-2021: an analysis of the global burden of disease study 2021 and forecast to 2040.EClinicalMedicine · 2024Article
- Effects of antibiotics, hospitalisation and surgical complications on self-reported immunological vulnerability following paediatric open-heart surgery and thymectomy: a single-centre retrospective cohort study.BMJ paediatrics open · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common birth defect, and up to 50% of infants with CHD require cardiovascular surgery early in life. Current clinical practice often involves thymus resection during cardiac surgery, detrimentally affecting T-cell immunity. However, epidemiological data indicate that CHD patients face an elevated risk for infections and immune-mediated diseases, independent of thymectomy. Hence, we examined whether the cardiac defect impacts thymus function in individuals with CHD. We investigated thymocyte development in 58 infants categorized by CHD complexity. To assess the relationship between CHD complexity and thymic function, we analyzed T-cell development, thymic output, and biomarkers linked to cardiac defects, stress, or inflammation. Patients with highly complex CHD exhibit thymic atrophy, resulting in low frequencies of recent thymic emigrants in peripheral blood, even prior to thymectomy. Elevated plasma cortisol levels were detected in all CHD patients, while high NT-proBNP and IL-6 levels were associated with thymic atrophy. Our findings reveal an association between complex CHD and thymic atrophy, resulting in reduced thymic output. Consequently, thymus preservation during cardiovascular surgery could significantly enhance immune function and the long-term health of CHD patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.