ReviewToxins2024
Complexing Protein-Free Botulinum Neurotoxin A Formulations: Implications of Excipients for Immunogenicity.
Review in Toxins, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Current Strategies in the Development of Nanoformulations to Enhance the Stability of Botox: A Systematic Review.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2025Pooled it
- A Study of Combined Onabotulinumtoxin A and Hyaluronic Acid Filler for the Treatment of Enlarged Facial Pores.Toxins · 2025Trial
- [Botulinum toxin preparations in dermatology : Characterization, comparison, and treatment options].Dermatologie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Article
- Botulinum Toxin Effects and Its Association with Vitamin and Mineral Supplementation: A Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Functional Peptide-Based Biomaterials for Pharmaceutical Application: Sequences, Mechanisms, and Optimization Strategies.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2026Review
- Review
- Hypersensitivity Reactions Associated With Aesthetic Botulinum Toxin A Injections: A Case Series.Cureus · 2025Article
- Exploring Nonresponse to Botulinum Toxin in Aesthetics: Narrative Review of Key Trigger Factors and Effective Management Strategies.JMIR dermatology · 2025Review
- Computational Immunogenetic Analysis of Botulinum Toxin A Immunogenicity and HLA Gene Haplotypes: New Insights.Toxins · 2025Article
- Botulinum Toxin Therapy: A Comprehensive Review on Clinical and Pharmacological Insights.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The formation of neutralizing antibodies is a growing concern in the use of botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT/A) as it may result in secondary treatment failure. Differences in the immunogenicity of BoNT/A formulations have been attributed to the presence of pharmacologically unnecessary bacterial components. Reportedly, the rate of antibody-mediated secondary non-response is lowest in complexing protein-free (CF) IncobotulinumtoxinA (INCO). Here, the published data and literature on the composition and properties of the three commercially available CF-BoNT/A formulations, namely, INCO, Coretox
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.