Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38392889›Full record

ReviewPathogens (Basel, Switzerland)2024

Cigarette Smoking as a Risk Factor for Tuberculosis in Adults: Epidemiology and Aspects of Disease Pathogenesis.

Charles Feldman, Annette J Theron, Moloko C Cholo, Ronald Anderson

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
26citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
13.6field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Biofilm Associated Persistence and Drug Tolerance in Mycobacteria Within Host Microenvironments.APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica · 2026
    Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Effectiveness of centralized hospitalization treatment on transmission in household contacts of pulmonary tuberculosis patients: a contact-traced study.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2025
    Article
  13. Observational
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Charles FeldmanDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa.
Annette J TheronDepartment of Immunology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Bophelo Road, Prinshof, Pretoria 0083, South Africa.
Moloko C CholoDepartment of Immunology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Bophelo Road, Prinshof, Pretoria 0083, South Africa.
Ronald AndersonDepartment of Immunology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Bophelo Road, Prinshof, Pretoria 0083, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0002-5925-6452
University of Pretoria · ZAUniversity of the Witwatersrand · ZA

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

It has been noted by the World Health Organisation that cases of tuberculosis in 2022 globally numbered 10.6 million, resulting in 1.3 million deaths, such that TB is one of the infectious diseases causing the greatest morbidity and mortality worldwide. Since as early as 1918, there has been an ongoing debate as to the relationship between cigarette smoking and TB. However, numerous epidemiological studies, as well as meta-analyses, have indicated that both active and passive smoking are independent risk factors for TB infection, development of reactivation TB, progression of primary TB, increased severity of cavitary disease, and death from TB, among several other considerations. With this considerable body of evidence confirming the association between smoking and TB, it is not surprising that TB control programmes represent a key potential preventative intervention. In addition to coverage of the epidemiology of TB and its compelling causative link with smoking, the current review is also focused on evidence derived from clinical- and laboratory-based studies of disease pathogenesis, most prominently the protective anti-mycobacterial mechanisms of the alveolar macrophage, the primary intracellular refuge of

Indexed as

Cigarette SmokingTuberculosisAdultHumansMacrophages, AlveolarMycobacterium tuberculosisRisk Factorsalveolar macrophageantibiotic resistancebiofilmdisease recurrencedisease severityglycolytic reprogrammingMycobacterium tuberculosisnicotinesmoking

Identifiers

PMID38392889
PMCPMC10892798
OpenAlexW4391599988

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.