ReviewPathogens (Basel, Switzerland)2024
Influenza Virus Host Restriction Factors: The ISGs and Non-ISGs.
Review in Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dual regulation of antiviral IFN response byJournal of pharmaceutical analysis · 2026Article
- Repeated Episodes of GPP Induced by Respiratory Infections Are Mediated by Loss-of-Function IFIH1.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2026Article
- Evolution, spread and impact of highly pathogenic H5 avian influenza A viruses.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
- The Incoming Influenza Genome Assembles a Host RBP Network that Orchestrates Viral RNA Synthesis.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Recombinant LAB vector engineered to secrete chicken IFN-λ3 induces an early but sustained activation of antiviral host responses against AIV infection.Poultry science · 2025Article
- Genetic strategies for avian influenza resilience in poultry: from host-pathogen interaction studies to precision breeding.Functional & integrative genomics · 2025Review
- Article
- Regulation of viral replication by host restriction factors.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Type I interferons in bacterial diseases: myeloid cells at the crossroads of protection and pathology.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- IFIT3: a crucial mediator in innate immunity and tumor progression with therapeutic implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- HDAC1 and HDAC2 Are Involved in Influenza A Virus-Induced Nuclear Translocation of Ectopically Expressed STAT3-GFP.Viruses · 2024Article
- Host Innate Antiviral Response to Influenza A Virus Infection: From Viral Sensing to Antagonism and Escape.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Influenza virus has been one of the most prevalent and researched viruses globally. Consequently, there is ample information available about influenza virus lifecycle and pathogenesis. However, there is plenty yet to be known about the determinants of influenza virus pathogenesis and disease severity. Influenza virus exploits host factors to promote each step of its lifecycle. In turn, the host deploys antiviral or restriction factors that inhibit or restrict the influenza virus lifecycle at each of those steps. Two broad categories of host restriction factors can exist in virus-infected cells: (1) encoded by the interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) and (2) encoded by the constitutively expressed genes that are not stimulated by interferons (non-ISGs). There are hundreds of ISGs known, and many, e.g., Mx, IFITMs, and TRIMs, have been characterized to restrict influenza virus infection at different stages of its lifecycle by (1) blocking viral entry or progeny release, (2) sequestering or degrading viral components and interfering with viral synthesis and assembly, or (3) bolstering host innate defenses. Also, many non-ISGs, e.g., cyclophilins, ncRNAs, and HDACs, have been identified and characterized to restrict influenza virus infection at different lifecycle stages by similar mechanisms. This review provides an overview of those ISGs and non-ISGs and how the influenza virus escapes the restriction imposed by them and aims to improve our understanding of the host restriction mechanisms of the influenza virus.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.