ReviewJournal of personalized medicine2024
Decrease in Sperm Parameters in the 21st Century: Obesity, Lifestyle, or Environmental Factors? An Updated Narrative Review.
Review in Journal of personalized medicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed.
- Sperm DNA fragmentation and its influence on mammalian reproduction.Nature reviews. Urology · 2026Review
- Antioxidant Capacity of Seminal Plasma and Its Association with Semen Quality and Dietary Antioxidant Intake.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Male fertility as an integral reflection of metabolic, endocrine, and musculoskeletal health.Rheumatology international · 2026Review
- Moderate-intensity physical activity is associated with favorable semen-parameter changes and normalization of selected abnormalities in men with impaired semen quality.Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E · 2026Observational
- Mendelian Randomization Analysis Reveals Iron as a Potential Contributor to Male Infertility.The world journal of men's health · 2026Article
- The Global Decline in Sperm Count and Testosterone Levels: Trends, Mechanisms, and Environmental Drivers.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Integrating Sperm Microscopy, Environmental Exposures, and Lifestyle Factors for Male Fertility Analysis: Protocol for the Nippon Semen and Environmental Exposure Database (N-SEED) Cross-Sectional Study.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- Physiological interplay among obesity, male fertility, and aryl hydrocarbon receptor in human and mice: A mini review.Open veterinary journal · 2026Review
- Transgenerational exposure to plastics-derived endocrine-disrupting bisphenol A and its analogs on male infertility: impact of gut dysbiosis and epigenetic regulation.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Association between Body Roundness Index and infertility risk in Han Chinese women: a retrospective observational study.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Non-human primates as a translational model for the study of male reproductive health.Nature reviews. Urology · 2025Review
- Parental Characteristics Associated With Children Born With Neural Tube Defects in Puebla, Mexico.Cureus · 2025Article
- Toxic threats from plastic waste: human health impacts, challenges, and policy solutions.RSC advances · 2025Review
- Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and Male Infertility: Mechanisms, Risks, and Regulatory Challenges.Journal of xenobiotics · 2025Review
- Of mice and men: translating mouse knockout models of human male infertility.Reproduction (Cambridge, England) · 2025Review
- Micronutrient antioxidant supplementation alleviates valproic acid-induced oxidative stress and male infertility via the NRF2/HO-1 pathway.Redox biology · 2025Article
- Review
- DNA Methylation: A Key Regulator in Male and Female Reproductive Outcomes.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Impact of Tobacco Cigarette Smoking on Semen Quality and Serum Levels of Sex Hormones in Men: A Cross-Sectional Population-Based Study.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Histomorphometry and sperm quality in male rats exposed to 2.45 GHz Wi-Fi.Reproduction (Cambridge, England) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Semen quality represents a compelling factor for fertility, and delineating the normal values has proven difficult. In the last four decades, several authors have reported a noticeable decline in sperm parameters. Also, studies investigating 'time to pregnancy' have shown that fecundity begins to be reduced when sperm numbers decrease below 30 million, even though according to the 6th edition of the WHO manual, the normal value is currently 16 million/mL or 39 million per ejaculate. There exists sufficient data to suggest a decline in sperm counts over time, even though the clear reason for this adverse trend is not well established, but some associations have been hypothesised, such as maternal smoking during pregnancy. Additional potential factors have yet to be fully illustrated but involve poor diet, increased obesity, and exposure to environmental toxins. Moreover, the change in environmental conditions and more common exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), such as pesticides and herbicides, as well as bisphenol A, phthalates, polychlorinated biphenyls, and heavy metals, starting from prenatal life and continuing into adulthood, may exhibit probable features explaining the reduction in sperm parameters. Therefore, the main goal of this narrative review is to furnish an overview of the possible effects of exposure to EDCs on testicular function and spermatogenesis and, also, to summarise the evidence regarding a decrease in sperm quality and examine its potential consequences.
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